【作者】 马春燕；

【导师】 程继夏；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本文选择西安市城市交通主干道南北主线和环线如二环路等交通密集的路段为研究对象,对不同路段,从交通噪声声级及其频谱昼间测量入手,同时进行车速测量和车流量统计,共分成6个实验过程,采用计算机软件Excel和Spass进行数据处理,并得出如下结论：1.道路特征、行车状态、车速、车流量、车型比对交通噪声的贡献分别占34.8%,25.5%,24.3%,14.8%,0.4%。2.所选10条道路中,昼间均超过4a类标准,100%噪声污染,其中重度污染的路段占所选路段的70%,中度污染10%,轻度污染20%。表明西安市城市道路交通噪声污染严重。不同特征路段的频谱具有相似性,噪声频谱总趋势依频率增高呈现衰减趋势。63Hz为噪声最高点,1KHz为此高点,8KHz为最低点。中低频噪声声级大。3.交通噪声随距离衰减特性呈现对数衰减,西安市所选路段达标距离昼间在2-20m,夜间在130-735m之间。4.交通噪声与主流车速有很好的正相关,车速高,则噪声高。车辆拥堵时,南二环路小车车速主要集中在30-35 km／h,西二环在20-30 km／h,大庆路分散在20-50 km／h,北二环路分散在60-70 km／h。北二环路车速明显普遍高于其他路段。5.归纳交通噪声与车流量、车速、车型比的关系式。6.临路低层建筑(小于等于7层),一般4层以上楼层交通噪声影响大。对于高层建筑,随楼层增高噪声较快增加,大于8层,各楼层噪声在5dB(A)内起伏的同时显衰减趋势。临路建筑噪声频谱的分布规律与道路交通噪声的频谱相似。7.针对研究结论提出城市交通噪声的治理方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is selected Xi’an main traffic roads, by means of measurement Leq and octave band spectrum, at the same time, tested the vehicle’s speed and counted the traffic flows on the roads. After done six experiments, it finished the data process by Software Excel and Spass. It is shown as follows:1.It was adopted method of AHP to analyze the weight of the impact factors, it. demonstrated that the contribution by a various feature roads for the traffic noise was 34.8%,respectly, the vehicle run status and auto’s speed and traffic flows and the scale of traffic flows were 25.5%,24.3%,14.8%,0.4%.2. Among the ten roads, the day’s traffic noise are all exceed 4a level standard,100% are polluted by traffic noise,70% roads are heavier pollution,10% are middle and 20% are light. It is shown that the traffic noise pollution in Xi’an City is serious.It is similar frequency feature for all various roads, totally, the noise of octave band spectrum show attenuation. The noise of 63Hz is the highest, the noise of 1000Hz is higher and the noise of 8000Hz is the lowest. From the octave band spectrum, it is focus on middle-low frequency that the pollution of traffic noise.3.The decline characteristic of traffic noise as the distance from sound source shows logarithm decrease, among selected Xi’an City roads, respectively, the distance which come up to the standards by traffic noise day’s is 12-20m, night’s is 130-735m.4. For car’s average speed, they are positive relevance between traffic noise and vehicle speed, the speed bigger and the noise higher, vice versa.When the vehicle is in jam, the vehicle speed is in 0-10 km/h and noise higher.The car speeds Nan-er-Huan Road concentrate on 30-35 km/h, Xi-er-Huan Road’s on 20-30 km/h, The car speeds Da-Qing Road and Bei-er-Huan Road distract, mainly respectively on 20-50 km/h,60-70 km/h. The vehicle speed Bei-er-Huan Road higher than others, this is one of reasons that the traffic noise Bei-er-Huan Road is also higher than others.5. It was concluded the relation of the traffic noise versus to vehicle flows and auto’s speed and auto’s rate.6. At near the distance to two sides residential buildings, the traffic noise impact on is higher.For lower floor of stairs,the noise effect is higher at the 4 and above floor of stairs commonly. For the high rise buildings, the traffic noise is increase quickly lower than 8 floor of stairs, more than 8, noise of the all stairs up and down on extent at 5dB(A) and it shows attenuation.The frequency spectrums by two sides of roads of buildings are similar as traffic noise, at arrange of 31.5-125 Hz, noise are higher, at arrange of 125 Hz-1000Hz, decline stably relatively, the noise frequency spectrums more than 1000Hz, the attenuation of traffic noise increase fast,at the 8000Hz, the traffic noise is the lowest.7. This article put forward reasonable control measures of traffic noise.更多还原