【作者】 郭莹；

【导师】 黄琳；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电影学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 有这样一位导演,众人对他的作品及本人的的评价总是冰火两重天,要么极度追捧,要么不屑一顾,这就是被好莱坞电影人称为“鬼才导演”的蒂姆·波顿Tim Burton。在他的作品中,总是充满着浓浓的哥特元素,使得一提到这一类型的电影,人们想到的首选代表一定是波顿。尽管哥特风格常见于蒂姆·波顿的影像内部,但我们又不能将他的作品简单标榜为“类型电影”,而“作者电影”的殊荣对于一向特立独行的波顿来说,又似乎太中规中矩:不仅仅因为他的电影表现形式多样,故事片、动画片、传记片、音乐片等等皆有涉足;也不仅仅因为他的电影在哥特题材基础上加进了丰富的情感元素,亲情、友情、爱情;更不仅仅因为他的电影风格形式多样,奇幻、恐怖、惊悚、怪诞、浪漫等元素杂糅一体;也许还不仅仅因为他的电影总是在技术领域做着大胆的尝试与创新,停格动画、立体电影、电脑特效等等。这些不仅仅,若单一列举,也许只停留于电影表面,但综合起来,就形成了波顿本人独特的影像风格与影像思维,使得熟悉他电影的人,一看即知这就是蒂姆·波顿的电影。可以说,“类型电影”的风格和“作者电影”的精神都存在于他的电影中,使得在其影像内部有这样两种倾向:“作者电影”类型化和“类型电影”作者化,而它的导演——蒂姆·波顿,也就成为了作者电影与类型电影的诠释者。用孤独表现温情,用怪诞表现智慧,用死亡表现生命,同一部电影,对于其意义的理解总是多重的,人们在观看画面叙事机制和影像风格的同时,总是会在画面外提出对于生命和灵魂的质问。蒂姆·波顿的电影正如他所营造的奇特影像世界一样,可以让观看的人暂时逃离现实而进入他搭建的幻想空间——一座心灵的城堡,在这座城堡内,我们每个人都可以寻求到关于生命与灵魂的答案。用孩童般的奇思妙想,描绘五彩斑斓的世界;又用一种怪诞的影像风格书写恐怖与死亡,给悲剧赋予一种特有的灵性与美感,揭示孤独的同时又慰藉着人们的心灵。本论文将通过蒂姆·波顿的代表作品,结合“作者电影”和“类型电影”的各自特征,通过文化背景介绍、视听风格读解及精神意义阐释,在了解导演本人的成长过程、生活经历等个人世界的基础上,更好地去挖掘波顿电影中所呈现出的美与爱。在此研究中,大胆提出个人的独特见解,并借电影艺术理论和波顿电影的影像内涵将见解提炼为“作者电影类型化”和“类型电影作者化”两个论题并加以论证,本着以影像画面为切入点、以风格特征为脉络、以心理认知为目的,概括蒂姆·波顿电影的内在意义:对生命的崇敬、对死亡的敬畏。为此本人将在以下几个方面进行梳理与研究:(1)通过对代表影片的具体读解分析蒂姆·波顿的创作风格(2)从艺术角度挖掘蒂姆·波顿作品的“作者电影类型化”特质;(3)从艺术角度分析蒂姆·波顿电影的“类型电影作者化”风格。之所以研究蒂姆·波顿的电影,并提出具有创新性的研究论题,是希望以此论文表达我对波顿电影的喜爱之情及对导演本人的崇敬。国内对于这位鬼才导演的报道大都来自商业票房和个人新闻,而对于其电影的研究也较为零散,皆是在影像本体上总结个人风格特色,而非系统梳理其文化影响、视听语言及导演想通过镜头传递出的个人认知。所以极力想借此研究契机,让更多的人能真正了解并喜欢蒂姆·波顿的电影作品。“类型电影”偏重于商业化,“作者电影”倾向于艺术性,而将两者综合于一位独具个人特色的导演身上,难度确实不小;提出“作者电影类型化”和“类型电影作者化”的论题并合理论证,挑战也确实很大。但蒂姆·波顿对电影倾注的心血及对个人风格的坚守,让每个喜欢他电影的人都为这份执着而感动,好莱坞只有一个蒂姆·波顿,知难而不惧,将学术性与艺术性相结合,从高深的学术理论和繁杂的电影资料中抽丝剥茧,此时的我有着最纯粹的愿望:通过自己的论文表现一个立于我心中的蒂姆·波顿。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is such a director who causes absolutely argumentative discussion both for his work and he himself: either extremely favored or completely ignored. This is "wizard director"-- Tim Burton, so called by Hollywood. His work is always filled with thick Gothic elements. So whenever this genre of movie is mentioned, the chief representative people can think of is Bolton.Although the Gothic style is commonly seen in Tim Burton’s movies, but we can not simply classify his work as a "genre movie", on the other hand the title of "auteur system" seems too straight and narrow for Bolton ,since he has always been a maverick. Not only because his films are expressed and involved in various forms such as, feature films, animations, biographies, music videos and so on; neither because his films are added with rich elements of emotion like family love, friendship and romance based on the Gothic theme; neither because the variety of his film style is the mixture of fantasy, horror, thriller, weird, romantic elements, etc.; perhaps also not because his bold attempt and innovation in technology conventions such as stop-motion animation, three-dimensional films, special effects, etc. All the above mentioned, if list one by one, perhaps merely remains at the superficial of the films. But add them together, it would become the unique image style and image thought of Bolton himself and allows people who are familiar with his films, immediately perceive that it belongs to Tim Burton type. It can be said that both the“genre movie”style and“auteur system”spirit coexists in his films which makes his internal image has the following two trends: "auteur system”is genre-oriented and“genre movie" is author–oriented. Therefore its director-- Tim Burton, becomes an interpreter of auteur system and genre movie.Loneliness is expressed with warmth, wisdom with grotesque and life with death, there can always be multiple levels of understanding towards the same film. The question of life and soul can always be triggered outside the screen while watching the screen narrative mechanism and the image style. Tim Burton’s movie is just like the peculiar image world he creates can allow the viewers entering into his fantasy space-- a spiritual castle he weaved by temporarily escaping from the reality. Each one of us is able to seek the answer concerning life and soul in this castle. With children’s unusual but wonderful thinking to depict the colorful world; also with the grotesque image style to present terror and death, he endows a particular spiritual and aesthetic sense to the tragedy both comforting the soul as well as revealing the loneliness.This paper intends to explore the beauty and love presented in Burton films through the following means: Bolton’s representative works; the features of "auteur system" and "genre movie" respectively; the introduction of cultural background; the illustration of audio-visual style and the interpretation of spiritual significance; as well as the director’s individual private world such as his growth, his life experiences, and so forth. In this study, the author boldly suggested the unique personal insights, furthermore extracted and demonstrated the views of genre-oriented auteur system, author-oriented genre movie through the film art theory and the connotation of Bolton’s films by means of taking the screen image as a starting point and taking the genre characteristics as the vein and aiming the objective of cognitive psychology. Tim Burton movies intrinsic meaning can be summed as: respect for life and reverence for death. To this end, the author will sort out and research in the following areas:(1) Specifically analyze and interpret Tim Burton’s creation style through his representative films (2) Explore the nature of "genre-oriented auteur system" of Tim Burtons films from artistic point of view; (3) Explore the style of "author-oriented genre movie" of Tim Burtons films from artistic point of view.The purpose of studying Tim Burton movies and proposing innovative research topics is to express my love for Burton’s films as well as my admiration for the director through this paper. Most of the reports of this wizard director came from the marketing business of the box office and personal archives. As for the study of his films are relatively scattered, mainly concentrated on the characteristics of personal style in the normal image, rather than systematically analyze the cultural impact, the visual language and the personal perception of the director would like to reflect through the lens . Therefore, the author is strongly motivated to take this study opportunity to let more people understand and enjoy Tim Burton’s film works.“Genre movie" emphasizes on commercialization, whereas "auteur system" focuses on artistic. It is indeed not easy to integrate the both in a director of unique personal characteristics; it is even more challenging to propose and reasonably demonstrate the topic of“genre-oriented auteur system" and "author-oriented genre movie". But Tim Burton’s devotion to his film and persistence to his style affected all those who enjoyed his movies. There is only one Tim Burton in Hollywood’s who dares to challenge the difficulty by combining academic and artistic together to stand distinguished from among the profound academic theory and complicated movie database. At this point, the author, I have the strongest desire to present an outstanding figure in my mind-- Tim Burton through my paper.更多还原