【作者】 马飞；

【导师】 魏义祥；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 核科学与技术， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 手持式核素识别仪(Radioisotope Identification Device, RID)是一种基于多道谱仪的多功能便携式核监测设备,可用于剂量率监测、放射源定位以及核能谱采集与核素识别。本论文是在本课题组已研制成功的国产数字化手持式核素识别仪基础上进行的改进型系统的设计。目的是在原有基础上尝试利用模拟多道采集电路,以进一步降低系统功耗,减小仪器尺寸,同时实现能谱数据的监控和能谱数据的传输处理,完成一个能谱获取系统。论文主要围绕以上设计工作进行讨论。论文首先阐述了多道谱仪的原理,综述了国内外谱仪技术与产品的现状及发展趋势,提出了包括采集电路与监控程序开发平台在内的采集系统的整体设计方案。系统主要由能谱数据采集电路和监控程序两大功能部分组成。能谱数据采集部分采用信号调理电路+ADC+CPLD的结构。其中信号调理电路包括极零相消、基线恢复、堆积判弃、峰值保持等功能模块,数字逻辑控制功能采用CPLD实现、数据传输功能使用USB接口来完成。监控部分硬件平台构建在以ARM9处理器为核心的嵌入式系统上,软件则基于Windows CE.NET操作系统,采用eMbedded Visual C++集成开发环境开发监控软件。论文对信号调理电路按功能模块划分进行了比较详细的讨论并进行了优化设计,介绍了CPLD的原理和逻辑功能的实现,描述了USB接口开发流程和固件程序的开发。论文还描述了Windows CE.NET环境下设备驱动程序的模型和开发流程,介绍了USB接口的驱动和按键的外部中断驱动开发。该系统成功完成了软硬件联调,通过触摸屏操作,能够完成对采集电路的控制、能谱数据显示、存储、预处理等功能。论文最后对系统的开发、调试结果进行了总结,对采集板进行了实际的性能测试并展示了实际谱测量结果。根据实际的发展需求,提出了进一步改进的设想,并就目前系统存在的不足和可扩展性进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hand-held Radioisotope Identification Device(RID) is a multi-functional portable nuclear monitoring equipment based on multi-channel spectrometer that can be used for dose rate monitoring, radioactive sources location, nuclear spectrum data acquisition and radioisotope identification. This paper presents a improved design for domestic digital hand-held RID that has been successfully developed by our team. This article attempts to use analog multi-channel acquisition circuit to further reduce system power consumption and equipment size, and implements spectrum data monitoring and transmission, to complete a spectrum data acquisition system.The paper discussed the above design work.This paper first introduces the basic principles of multi-channel spectrometer, summarizes research status and development trend of multi-channel spectrometer products and technology at home and abroad, discusses the whole design scheme of the acquisition system including acquisition circuit and monitoring software platform. The system is made up of spectrometry data acquisition circuit and monitoring software. The system adopts structure of "signal conditioning circuit +ADC+CPLD".The signal conditioning circuit includes function modules such as pole-zero cancellation circuit, base line restorer, pile up rejection circuit, peak holder and so on, and realizes digital logic control with CPLD and data transmission with USB interface. The hardware platform of monitoring system is structured on the basis of embedded system based on ARM9 processor, and the software part based on Windows CE.NET operating system. The monitoring software is developed with eMbedded Visual C++ IDE.This article mainly analyzes functional modules of the system and gives optimization design, introduces the principle of CPLD and realization of complex logical function, describes USB development process and the development method of firmware. It also presents device drivers model and development process in Windows Environment, and introduces the development method of USB driver and button driver in external interrupt mode. The system accomplishes the debugging of the software and hardware. Based on touching screen operation, the system completes acquisition circuit control, and can realize such functions as spectrum data display, storage and preprocessing.At the last part, it summarizes the system development and debugging results, tests acquisition board and displays actual measurement spectrum data. According to the actual development demand, this paper puts forward further improvement suggestion and analysis the existent insufficiency and scalability of the system.更多还原