【作者】 谢文刚；

【导师】 陈朱蕾；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 建设部2004年发布的行业标准《生活垃圾卫生填埋技术规范》(CJJ17-2004)(简称《原规范》),在指导国内垃圾填埋场的建设中发挥了重要作用。为更好地提高生活垃圾卫生填埋场设计、建设、运营的标准化要求,适应自《原规范》颁布实施以来的相关技术进步,以及与近几年新颁布的和正在编制的有关填埋方面的技术标准衔接,同时因主要内容涉及工程建设通用的有关安全、卫生和环境保护的技术要求,国家下文对原规范进行修订并升级为国家新规范。本文通过对国内外垃圾填埋处理现状的调研和填埋领域标准化的分析,遵循科学性、可证实性、前瞻性等原则,采用现场调研法、比较研究法、文献分析法,确定了新规范的主要技术内容,其中以防渗系统和渗沥液处理系统为例,编制了新规范若干关键问题的技术条文要点。本文主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)修订体例与章节:《原规范》系2004年新修改,较原标准有了很大的提高,编制内容较完整,条理清晰。为保持规范的连续性及考虑大多数设计单位已对《原规范》的熟悉性,原则上对《原规范》的体例不作重大修改。新规范包括16章,主要技术内容是:1总则;2术语;3填埋物;4选址;5填埋场规模与总图布置;6基础处理与场地平整;7垃圾坝与库区工程稳定安全性;8防渗与地下水导排系统;9渗沥液处理系统;10雨污分流与防洪系统;11填埋气体收集与利用系统;12封场系统;13辅助工程;14填埋场运行;15环境保护与劳动卫生;16工程施工与验收。(2)与新颁布的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》GB16889-2008(简称《新标准》)的协调:《新规范》与现行《新标准》在选址、填埋物入场条件、防渗设计、渗沥液处理等内容的技术要求方面有显著不同,而这些不同在新《原规范》编制中较难按照《新标准》规定来修改达成一致。《新规范》的这些主要内容编制需要与《新标准》协调。(3)制订防渗系统的技术条文要点:修订《原规范》应充分考虑尽可能与国际有关标准接轨,适应生活垃圾卫生填埋场建设高起点、高标准、高质量的要求;同时还要考虑由于我国地域辽阔,东西部、南北方在自然地理条件、经济发展水平等方面都存在较大的差异,修改的标准应具有分类指导性及考虑部分非强制性条文留有与地方标准的配套执行的空间。推荐的主流人工防渗方式应采用复合衬里防渗系统,复合衬里的膜下防渗保护层组成可采用钠基膨润土防水毯(GCL)+压实粘土防渗保护层,也可采用压实粘土单独作为防渗保护层。(4)制订渗沥液处理系统的技术条文要点:渗沥液产生量的计算宜采用经验公式法。渗沥液满足污水处理厂受纳条件的,可经预处理后排入,不满足条件的,必须经处理满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》GB16889-2008规定的污染物排放控制要求后直接排放。渗沥液处理流程可分为预处理、生物处理、深度处理,具体的处理工艺组合方式应在满足国家和地方排放标准的前提下,经充分的技术经济论证后选用,深度处理应优先采用膜处理工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 the industry standard,“Sanitary Landfill technical specifications" (CJJ17-2004)(referred to as "the original norms") issued by the Ministry of Construction in 2004, it has played an important role in guiding the domestic construction of landfill. To improve the design, the construction, the operation standardization of requirements of the solid waste sanitary landfill,, and adapt to the development of relevant technological since the promulgation and implementation of the "original norms", and link up to the relevant technical standards for landfill which was new enacted in recent years and being preparing. At the same time due to major construction projects related to general safety, health and environmental protection, technical requirements, the state would revise the original specification and upgrade the new norms for the country.The paper Based on the investigation of the situation of MSW landfill at home and abroad ,and the analysis of the standardization of field, followed the principles of scientific, verifiable and forward-looking,and determined the main technical of the new norms by the site investigation, comparative and literature analysis. Take anti-system and leachate treatment systems for an example,establishment the key elements of the technical provisions of the new specification.The content and conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1) Amend the style and the chapters: "the original specification," revised in 2004, is much better than the original standard, more complete preparation of the content, the clarity. In order to maintain the continuity of norms and consider the familiar for most design institutes, Few major changes are made to the structure of "the original norms". New norms is including 16 Chapters, the main technologies are: 1 General Provisions; 2 Terms; 3 Landfill material; 4 Site; 5 Landfill size and layout of the overall plan; 6 Formed the basis for dealing with the venue; 7 Refuse dam and reservoir area project security and stability; 8 Seepage and groundwater mediated efflux system; 9 Leachate treatment system; 10 Rain sewage diversion and flood control systems; 11 Landfill gas collection and utilization systems; 12 Market system; 13 Aided engineering; 14 Landfill run; 15 Environmental protection and labor hygiene; 16 Construction and acceptance of the project.(2) Coordinate the new <Solid Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard> GB16889-2008 (referred to as the "new standard"): there are significant differences between <The new norms> and the <new standard> in the sitting, landfill material conditions of admission, the design of impermeable system, leachate treatment,etc.these differences are hard to get agreement by amending. <The new norms> needed coordination with the "new standard".(3) The points of formulating the technical provisions of anti-system : the amendment should be fully taken into account as far as possible with international standards, adaptation to the requirement of a high starting point, high standards and well quality on the solid waste sanitary landfill site construction; at the same time it must be considered that due to China’s vast territory, the natural and geographical conditions and economic development level differences of the east and the west, the south and the north in, there are large differences in the revised standards should have the guidance and consider the left part of the non-mandatory provisions of the package with the local standards the implementation of the space. Recommended by the mainstream approach should adopte impermeable composite systems with artificial impermeable liner, composite membrane lining layer of protection under the anti-Na-bentonite composition can be water-proof blanket (GCL) + compacted clay impermeable layer of protection, it can be compaction of clay as the impermeable layer of protection alone.(4) The main technical points of leachate treatment system amendment: the volume of leachate arising from the calculation of empirical formula should be used. Leachate which meets conditions of the sewage treatment plant, may be discharged after pretreatment, which doesn’t meet the conditions should be treated to meet the reqirements of "Solid Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard" GB16889-2008 for controlling of pollutant emissions emissions directly. Leachate treatment process can be divided into pre-treatment process, biological treatment, advanced treatment, the specific combination of treatment processes should meet the national and local emission standards of the premise, by the full selection of technical and economic evaluation, priority should be given to the use of advanced treatment membrane process.更多还原