【作者】 杨锐；

【导师】 郭国平； 任希锋；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 光学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息容量的增大和对计算速度的要求不断提高,目前的电子计算机已经越来越不能满足人们的需求,人们开始在非经典规律中寻找新的物理机制。量子计算机这一全新概念的问世,引起了人们的广泛关注。制造量子计算机已成为量子领域和信息通讯领域专家们的共同目标。随着量子计算机的原理逐渐清晰、模型基本完善,实验工作者已经开始探寻理想的量子器件,希望能够真正实现量子计算机的构建。随着纳米技术的快速发展,表面等离子体光学逐渐展露出它在纳米光学领域的突出优势。在本论文中,我们将表面等离子体光学与新颖的金属纳米结构相互结合,希望通过这种组合能够发现新的光学性质和现象,让表面等离子体光学借助于金属纳米结构的特殊性,不但在光学领域获得成果,也能促进未来量子器件的开发和制造。在本论文中,我们证明了高阶高斯光也可以用金属纳米线中的表面等离子体波进行传输,研究了激发效率与高阶光的偏振和光强的关系,并且将这一现象与高阶光在金属牛眼结构中的透射增强现象进行比较,看到了在两种现象中表面等离子体激元对于入射光轨道角动量的传输特性的不同。我们将光纤锥与金属纳米线联系在一起,发现光纤锥不仅可以在金属纳米线的端口处将光信息耦合进去,而且可以在金属纳米线上任意位置利用光纤锥表面的倏逝光场直接激发表面等离子体,这将传统的光学器件与新颖的纳米器件连接起来。除此之外,光纤锥还可以与多根金属纳米线同时进行光信息的转化和传输,为未来光学器件的集成提供了可能性。我们同时研究了金属纳米管、金属纳米环等其他新型纳米结构在表面等离子体光学中的应用,特别值得一提的是金属纳米环在与光纤锥耦合时展现出的类似于光学微腔中的模式分布。通过以上实验,我们对金属纳米线中的表面等离子体光学现象的机理和各种特性有了更加清晰的认识,将传统光学器件与新颖的金属纳米结构建立起了连接,为光波到表面等离子体的转化提供了更多的可能性,虽然研究尚待深入,但这些结果为表面等离子体器件、高集成度的纳米光子器件等领域提供了一些参考,也为我们下一步深入研究打下基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increase of information capacity and the need of faster computing speed, people can not be satisfied by the current electric computer and begin to look for the physical mechanism in the non-classical laws. Quantum computer, a new concept in information and computing fields, makes itself the common goal of the experts to develop it. As the principles of quantum computer clearer and the model being improved, we are exploring the ideal quantum devices in practice and hope to complete the construction of quantum computer.Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, Plasmonics, Surface Plasmon-based Optics, exhibits its great advantages in nano-optics. Therefore, in this paper, we connect plasmonics and novel metallic nanostructure in hope that this combination could reveal more exciting phenomena and rules. We believe that plasmonics, with the specialty of nanostructure, would make big achievement in optics and give inspiration for the design of future quantum device.In this paper, we demonstrate that higher-order-mode light can also excite surface plasmons in silver nanowires, the excitation efficiency is correlated with the polarization and energy distribution of the input light, and the OAM of photons are changed in the whole process, which is different from the enhanced transmission phenomenon in the bull’s eye structure. We develop an original technique to couple light into silver nanowires using optical fiber taper, with which surface plasmons can be excited in an arbitrary position in the nanowire and an optical fiber taper can be applied to couple light into many nanowires simultaneously, which opens another door for the conversion from photons to surface plasmons. We also study the applications of metallic nanotubes and nanorings in plasmonics, in particular the micro-cavity-like mode in the coupling system of nanoring and optical fiber taper.Through these experiments, we have more understanding about the features and mechanism of plasmonics in metallic nanowires, offer more possibilities for the conversion through connecting the traditional optical devices and novel metallic nanostructutures. Though the research has yet to be thoroughly, these results give us some reference in plasmonics devices and highly-integrated nano-photonic devices, and lay the foundation for our next in-depth study.更多还原