【作者】 刘小春；

【导师】 李树清；

【作者基本信息】 湖南科技大学 ， 安全技术与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国家开发建设的快速发展,工程爆破已成为工程领域广泛应用的一项重要技术。特别是在城区和工矿改造工程中,控制爆破工程方法得到了广泛应用。然而这些构筑物均位于人员活动频繁、邻近水、电管网众多、周围建筑物较密集的地方,且筒形构筑物控制爆破是一项风险较高的施工方法,如果在爆破方案设计中没有严格控制,疏忽、失误或者爆破作业人员在操作过程中不当,管理工作不严,就极易发生爆破危害,给国家和人民生命财产造成严重损失。因此筒形构筑物控制爆破安全评估一直是爆破工作者关注的重要问题。本文首先介绍了筒形构筑物控制爆破方案选择、爆破参数确定、爆破安全验算、爆破施工步骤;然后用预先危险分析方法对炮孔布置及钻孔、定向窗处理、预处理进行危险辨识,用层次分析法对炮孔布置及钻孔、定向窗处理、预处理、爆破阶段中出现的爆破事故、爆破失控、爆破公害的危险危害因素建立层次结构图,用事故树、事件树、鱼刺图分析方法对其产生原因分别进行了深入分析;在此基础上,提出了筒形构筑物控制爆破安全评估指标体系;并建立了筒形构筑物控制爆破安全评估模型;最后用Microsoft的Visual Basic6.0和Access97开发了筒形建筑物控制爆破安全审查和基于模糊综合评判的筒形构筑物控制爆破安全评估软件,且将开发的两个软件成功地应用于湘潭岳塘建材厂烟囱爆破拆除。筒形构筑物控制爆破安全评估模型的建立及相关软件的开发为筒形构筑物爆破工程安全审查和评估提供了快速、高效的途径。这对拆除爆破安全评估的研究有着一定的理论意义,也为爆破工程行业的健康和快速发展有着推动作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of national development and construction, engineering blasting has became an important technique that it is used widely in engineering field. Particularly in reconstruction projects of urban and mining, controlled blasting method has been widely used. But these structures are located in the places with mored actived staff near the water, electricity and pipe network where surrounding buildings are a higher concentration,and tube-shaped structures’controlled blasting is a high-risk construction method, if the blasting design is strictly uncontrolled, neglected or misoperated or blasting workers is in the improper operation and management is not strict,blasting harm is caused easily. It will lead severe damage of the state property and people’s lives.So the safety assessment of tube-shaped tructures controlled blasting is always important issue which is paid close attention by blasting workers.Above all, it is the tube-shaped structures’controlled blasting program selection, blasting design determination, blasting safety test calculation and blasting engineering step that is introduced in this paper; Then hole layout and drilling, directional window treatment and pretreatment are hazard identificationed by the Preliminary Hazard Analysis, the hazard and harm factor level chart was founded for blasting accidents, uncontrolled blasting, blasting public harm in hole layout and drilling, directional window treatment, pretreatment and blasting stage by Analytic Hierarchy Process , and their cause is analyzed deeply by the Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis and Fishbone Diagram Analysis method; On this basis,the tube-shaped structures’controlled blasting safety assessment index system is proposed, and its safety assessment model in the light of fuzzy comprehensive assessment is established too; at last, the tube-shaped structures’controlled blasting safety review software and safety assessment software based on fuzzy comprehensive assessment are developed by Microsoft’s Visual Basic 6.0 and Access 97, and the two developed software are successfully applied to controlled blasting demolition of chimneys of the Construction Mterial Factory of XiangTan YueTang.The establishment of tube-shaped structure controlled blasting safety assessment modle and development of related softwares can provide a fast,efficient way to review and assess tube-shaped structures’blasting project safety.It has some theoretical significance to the study of controlled blasting safety assessment, and push the rapid development of blasting engineering business fastly and healthyly too.更多还原