【作者】 张鹏飞；

【导师】 顾祝轩；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 民商法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的逐渐提高,各种基础工程设施和居民住宅楼房不断兴建。建设工程施工合同规范发包人和承包人之间的权利义务关系,在实践中得到大量应用。建设工程施工合同履行期限较长,在履行过程中可能发生各种履行障碍,从而打破了双方当事人原有的利益均衡。这种情况下,一方当事人行使法定解除权解除合同,对双方当事人来说都不是最佳选择,应当限制合同的解除。建设工程施工合同具有非典型性、双方当事人法律地位的结构性不平等和长期性合同的特点。基于建设工程施工合同的特点,承包人在建设工程施工合同的缔结和履行中处于相对弱势的地位。发包人行使法定解除权解除施工合同,会导致承包人遭受较大的损失,应当限制发包人法定解除权的行使。由于建设工程施工合同的履行期间较长和所涉法律关系复杂,承包人在施工过程中可能遭遇各种意外情况,从而导致承包人的违约。发包人行使法定解除权解除合同,不仅会造成承包人已经投入到施工合同中的人力、物力的浪费,而且承担赔偿责任使承包人承担过大的风险,不利于建筑市场的发展。在出现履行障碍时,发包人应与承包人积极沟通、协商,共同克服履行障碍;只有当不能实现合同目的时,发包人才可以行使解除权。发包人违反主要义务和协助义务,承包人可以请求可得利益的赔偿。在发生不可归责的不可抗力和情势变更的情况下,应赋予发包人进行积极沟通的“再交涉义务”,变更合同以适应周围情况的变化,防止承包人被迫行使解除权,从而造成“特定性投资”的损失。定作人任意解除权的本质为“违约”;在建设工程施工合同中,有赋予发包人任意解除权的必要;另一方面为了保护承包人的利益,应限制发包人任意解除权的行使,主要通过解除目的和损害赔偿来限制发包人的任意解除。更多还原

【Abstract】 With China’s rapid economic development and people’s living standards gradually improved, a variety of infrastructure and residential buildings are constructed. The Construction Contracts specify rights and obligations of the parties and are widely used in practice. The Construction Contracts’performance period are longer than the usual contracts, a variety of performance obstacles may occur during the period and break the original balance of interests between the parties. In this case, one party exercising the statutory termination right and terminating the contract is not the best choice for the two parties; the party should be restricted to terminate their contracts.The Construction Contracts are one atypical kind of named contracts; the legal status between the two parties is structurally unequal; they’re one kind of the Long-term contracts. Because of the characteristics of construction contract, contractors are in a relatively weak position during the conclusion and the performance of construction contracts. If the letting parties exercise the statutory termination right, the contractors will suffer a great loss; the exercising of termination right should be restricted.As of the long performance period and complex legal relationships of the construction contract, the contractors may encounter a variety of unforeseen circumstances resulting in the contractor’s default. If the letting parties exercise the statutory right of cancellation and cancel the contract, there will be not only a waste of the human and material resources which the contractors have put into construction contract, but also a damage to the development of the construction market because assuming the liability of pay compensation makes the contractors bear too much risk. In the event of implementation obstacles, the letting party should actively communicate with the contractor and jointly overcome the performance obstacles; only when the purpose of the contract can not be achieved, the letting party may exercise the right of cancellation. If the letting party don’t fulfill the primary duty or the assisting obligations, the contractor may request the compensation of the possible benefits.In the event of force majeure and the change of the circumstances that can not be attributed to the parties, the letting party should be given the "re-negotiation obligations" and change the contract to suit the changing circumstances. Only in this way, the contractor can avoid being forced to terminate the contract and suffer losses in "specific investment ". The essence of the right of termination without any reason of the ordering party is "default”; in the building construction contracts, the letting party should be given the right of termination without any reason; on the other hand, in order to protect the interests of contractors, the exercising of right should be restricted through restricting the purpose of termination and paying compensation for damage.更多还原