【作者】 朱海燕；

【导师】 单永奎；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 无机化学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 离子液体由于具有蒸汽压低、热稳定性高、液态温度范围广等优异性能,被作为绿色溶剂而广泛应用在有机合成、催化和分离提纯等领域。同时,由于离子液体具有界面张力低、界面能小以及易形成氢键而具有的较高有序性等特点,在材料合成领域被受到广泛的关注。在材料合成过程中,离子液体不仅可作溶剂,同时也可作为模板剂和前驱物参与反应。因此,利用离子液体不同于其他溶剂的特性,制备具有新颖功能和特殊形貌的材料,无论对材料科学基础研究还是实际应用都有极为重要的意义。本论文依据离子液体的功能特性,在离子液体的参与下设计制备了三类纳米氧化物功能材料,主要包括以下几点研究内容：1、以两种烷基咪唑类离子液体(1,3-二甲基咪唑碘、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘)为插层客体,通过氧化还原的方法,首次合成了烷基咪唑／V2O5的插层化合物,运用FT-IR、XRD、元素分析和TEM对其结构组成和形貌进行了确定,结果表明,所合成的材料为层状结构,且形貌像稻草束的纳米烷基咪唑／V2O5插层化合物。而且这类插层材料在水溶液中对亚甲基蓝具有很强的吸附能力,其吸附速率远远高于活性炭,是一类对亚甲基蓝具有特殊吸附性能的新颖插层化合物。2、以硅烷化咪唑基离子液体为辅助结构导向剂和反应物,通过有机-无机自组装方法合成了离子液体掺杂的介孔二氧化硅微球；并利用末端卤素离子,通过原位诱导和共沉淀方法,进一步合成了分散性较好的AgCl/介孔二氧化硅。运用FT-IR、XRD、ICP和TEM对其结构组成和形貌进行了表征,并进一步研究了该催化剂对染料的光降解效果,结果表明,合成的复合材料对多种染料都具有较好的光催化降解效果,大大提高了AgCl的光催化效率。3、以长链烷基咪唑基OmimBF4离子液体为溶剂,通过离子热方法合成了一种具有多孔结构的含氟的离子液体功能化的氧化锌材料,运用FT-IR、XRD、元素分析、TEM和TG对其结构组成、形貌和热稳定性进行了分析,结果表明,该材料具有良好的结晶性和高达350℃的热稳定性。这种化合物对二氧化碳具有良好的吸附储存效果。为开辟一类新型的二氧化碳吸附材料的合成提供了思路。同时用该方法制备了两种形貌不同的纳米Fe3O4,其中一种具有絮状多孔结构,另一种是Fe3O4的纳米棒其中夹杂着一些纳米粒子,并进行了Fe3O4磁性分析,结果表明纳米棒Fe3O4具有一定铁磁性能,而絮状形貌的Fe3O4几乎没有铁磁性和超顺磁性。此外,制备了分散性较好、尺寸均一、且具有六方结构的Cu2O纳米晶。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ionic liquids have been extensively used as green solvents in organic synthesis, biphasic catalysis and extraction due to their unusual properties of negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability and wide liquidus range. Meanwhile, Significant attention has been paid to the application of ionic liquids as neoteric media for materials synthesis, because of their low coordination, low interface energies, low interface tensions and high ordered structure. Ionic liquids are not only non-conventional replacement solvents, but also structural templates and precursors to the material products. Synthesising the advanced materials with specific function and different morphologies in the ionic liquids is very important for both the scientific research of basic theory and the practical application.Based on these specific functions, three kind of nano oxides have been prepared and the main contents are as follows:1. The imidazolium-based ionic liquid intercalated V2O5 compounds were firstly synthesized by the red-oxidation method. The prepared compounds characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and element analysis indicate that 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium was inserted into the interlayer of V2O5 with different d100 interlayer spacing values. The observed results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) exhibited the special straw-like nanofiber morphology of intercalation compounds with the length of 0.5-10μm. These ionic liquid/V2O5 intercalation compounds testified the ultra-fast absorption performance for methylene blue in aqueous media.2.3-(N-imidazolyl)propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride ionic liquid were added into the synthesis of mesoporous MCM-41 silica, and organicsilane modified MCM-41 with special nanosphere morphology and bicontinuous mesopores were obtained. AgCl photocatalyst was successfully loaded on the surface of mesoprous silica nanospheres through the induced effect of Cl" ions in 3-(N-imidazolyl)propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride grafted on silica surface. The supported amount of AgCl may be adjusted by using the different amount of 3-(N-imidazolyl) propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride in the synthesis. The results from XRD, TEM, BET, IR, Uv-vis confirm that AgCl was highly dispersed on MCM-41 silica after the heat treatment. The enhanced photo catalytic performance of AgCl/MCM-41 catalysts were observed in the photogradation of dyes.3、Taking use of long-chain alkyl-imidazole OmimBF4 ionic liquid, zinc oxide material with porous structure by the ionic thermal method. The structure, components, and thermal stability are analysised using FT-IR、XRD、the chemical element analysis and TEM. The results indicated that the material show the high crystal structure, which is different with the zine oxide. It is thermally stable at 350℃. The special compound reveals the excellent adsorption performace for carbon dioxide. Using the similar synthesis method, two kinds of Fe3O4 with different crystal were obtained. One is with porous structure and amorphous framework. The other is Fe3O4 with crystalline framework. The results about magnetism analyse of Fe3O4 was also discussed. Furthermore, crystalline Gu2O with sepecial morphology was also obtaiend.更多还原