【作者】 李巍；

【导师】 徐子亮；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 对外汉语教学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以华东师范大学、上海师范大学等院校的200名初级班留学生为调查对象,分析和研究了他们对疑问代词这一语法项目的理解和运用情况。首先,在对所得语料进行描述分析的基础上,得出了初级阶段留学生疑问代词的语言使用特点及其习得情况。其次,运用第二语言习得理论并结合汉语自身的特点对所得出的习得特点和规律做了相应的分析和理论思考。再次,本文尝试着将第二语言习得理论和汉语实际情况相结合,希望这一尝试能为对外汉语教学提供一定的启示。本研究采用横向的考察,通过搜集、描写一定量的语言样本,对所搜集到的疑问代词的语料做了多层面的分析,以期深入了解疑问代词在该阶段的习得特点。概括起来,全文主要讨论以下三方面的问题：(1)留学生在汉语学习中的疑问代词的习得特点是怎样的。(2)形成这一特点的原因是什么。(3)哪些关键因素影响了疑问代词的习得。通过对以上问题的研究,尝试找出外国学生疑问代词的习得难度等级,进而得出汉语作为第二语言疑问代词的习得特点,并对形成这一特点的原因进行分析。我们先对所得语料进行了语言层面的分析,发现不同疑问代词的习得特点及同一疑问代词不同用法的习得特点之间既呈现出很多相似性,又有其自身特殊性。在此基础上,我们对上述结论从语言习得理论和心理机制方面进行了解释,发现以下因素对习得难度等级产生了重要影响：语言迁移、过度泛化、语言结构标记性、认知难易程度、输入时间和频率、普遍语法“参数重置”。具体来看,语言习得的方式及语言习得的环境对习得有一定的影响；语言形式,如形式标记的明显性、句子格式的固定程度等,对第二语言学习者的影响相当明显；课堂教学及教学大纲的设置对语言项目的习得产生了重要影响。本研究可以说是在成人第二语言疑问代词习得这一领域的一次尝试,当然,其研究结果还有待进一步的检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study investigates two hundred students enrolled in Paralleled classes in the School of International Studies at East China Normal University, Dong Hua University and several others. From the analysis of test paper, we get a general idea of the situation of "interrogative pronouns" mastered by the beginning learners. Based on the results of Second Language Acquisition from the "Interrogatives" data, we found that there are differences and similarities among different interrogatives and the different usage of the same interrogative. Considering theories on Second language Acquisition and taking into account the characters of Chinese language we try to explore the rules and their explanations, then as a result we draw our own conclusions, the result of which will shed light on the teaching of Chinese to foreign students. With the cross-sectional study and through the collection and description of language data, we look into the features of the acquisition of the grammatical item of "Interrogative Pronouns" during the period.All in all, the thesis discusses the following aspects:1. What’s the difficulty level and order of acquisition between interrogatives and of similar or different usages.2. What’s the reason for the characters of acquisition of Interrogatives.3. What kind of factors influenced this result.First, on the syntactical level, we found that there are big differences and similarities of the different Interrogatives. We also further analysis of the data from the perspective of mechanism and psychology. We conclude that factors as follows affect the acquisition situation of the grammatical item "Interrogatives" in SLA, which are Language transfer, Language generalization, Language markedness, Cognitive Difficulty, Language Teaching and Strategy, Resetting Hypothesis in UG. Specifically, the semantic complexity, language forms and the format of sentences are the most influential elements, at the same time, learning environment is also important in SLA. In addition, classroom teaching and the process of teaching should be mentioned.Our research on the acquisition of Interrogatives in Chinese as a second language by beginners has been a new attempt in this field by far. We will expect further discussion and research on on this area.更多还原