【作者】 张亮；

【导师】 魏屹东；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 逻辑学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代逻辑发展史中,归纳逻辑的发展相对滞后,但是在逻辑的众多分支中,归纳逻辑确是一个应用范围极为广泛,发展前景及其广阔的分支学科。事实上：世界上任何一种科学,都是从归纳逻辑出发,提出假设,形成一定的“理论”,进行演绎逻辑,从而产生预测,之后再进行验证。而现代的归纳逻辑更具有这样的科学认知功能。现代归纳逻辑发展史中,卡尔纳普始终占据着非常重要的历史地位,他继承了凯恩斯的思想,同时批判了莱辛巴赫的归纳逻辑思想,建立了一个优美的归纳逻辑系统,从而也奠定了他在归纳逻辑史中的重要地位。本文主要从三个角度分析了卡尔纳普归纳逻辑的思想,最后落脚点选择了卡尔纳普归纳逻辑对认知发展的影响。首先,分析了卡尔纳普前时代的归纳逻辑的发展。在卡尔纳普之前的时代,古典归纳逻辑、凯恩斯的归纳逻辑思想和莱辛巴赫的归纳逻辑思想都对他产生巨大而且深远的影响,这中间,他既有继承又存在这批判,同时又不断的创新。其次,在文中的第二部分叙述了卡尔纳普归纳逻辑的主要内容,包括他的基本思想以及提出的一些准则。同时,他对归纳逻辑和演绎逻辑也进行了深刻的比较并提出了他们的不同之处,在本章中还着重论述了卡尔纳普两个概率之间的关系,也就是逻辑概率与统计概率,这两个概率是卡尔纳普归纳逻辑的基础。最后,文章落脚到卡尔纳普归纳逻辑理论的意义和对认知逻辑的推动作用,通过对卡尔纳普归纳逻辑在整个归纳逻辑史中的意义看到他对认知的发展所起到的促进作用。综上所述,卡尔纳普归纳逻辑具有非常重要的研究意义,其研究的重点不仅在他提出的归纳逻辑的理论,还在于他对现实的逻辑发展的影响,对认知逻辑和认知的深远意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the development of modern logic, the development of Inductive logic is relatively laggard, but in the numerous embranchments of logic, inductive logic is indeed applied widely. Actually:every kind of science is based on inductive logic, in order to calculate, science puts forward hypothesis, forms specific "theory" to deduct, and then verify it. Modern inductive logic has such scientific cognition function even greater.Carnap played a significant role in the development history modern inductive logic. He inherited Keynes’thought, meanwhile, he criticized Reichenbach’s inductive logic, established a great inductive logic system, This established his main status in the development of inductive logic.The dissertation analyses Carnap’s inductive logic mainly from three viewpoints, finally, It focus on the influence of Carnap’s inductive logic on the development of cognition.Firstly, it analyses the development of inductive logic before Carnap’s times. During this times, classical inductive logic, Keynes’s thought of inductive logic and reichenbach’s inductive logic have a profound influence on Carnap, he inherited them and also innovated them.Secondly, the second parts of the paper detailed the content of Carnap’s inductive logic, including his basic thoughts and some principles that he has advanced. Meanwhile, he compared the differences between inductive logic and deductive logic, this section also emphasized the relation between logic probability and statistic probability, they are the basis of Carnap’s inductive logic.Finally, the dissertation emphasized the significance of Carnap’s inductive logic and it’s advance in cognitive science and cognitive logic by analyzing the value of Carnap’s inductive logic in the whole development history of inductive logic.In summary, Carnap’s inductive logic has great value which deserves to be researched, it’s significance not only because he advanced inductive logic, but also it have profound influence on cognitive logic and cognitive science.更多还原