城市社区邻里隔阂及其公共治理

【作者】 刘洁；

【导师】 陈潭；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 行政管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 城市基层的邻里生活,深刻地受到社会整体变革的影响,也成为观察社会运行体系变化的窗口。改革使邻里的居民们逐步实现了生活的富裕,也使邻里生活和功能发生改变。邻里在改革以前的“单位社会”下,是福利型的居住安排方式,是实现政治控制和命令传达为主的社会组织。当前的邻里生活,已经强化了并形成着更加生动活泼的自我组织和公共生活空间。城市的高楼大厦不断建造耸立,地标性的建筑和商业区不断改造,城市形态日新月异,被建筑师们巧妙地装扮得现代感十足,而我们往往忽视了在城市草根的变化也是如此生动和充满姿彩。城市中居民区的不断规划和建设、邻里公共服务的变革与完善、邻里生活组织方式从行政管控到强化自我组织、公共参与、以及利益和需求的表达；邻里生活的内容从买菜、维修到对邻里政治的关注与参与：维权行为以及居民内部选举的产生；邻里中出现了以居民公共利益和集体行动为导向的物业委员会、居民委员会以及各类自治组织,他们作为新型邻里网络中的积极分子,对邻里中的事物进行协商与调控,城市基层的治理格局正在重新架构的过程中。本文运用社会整合理论和社会网络分析法,以长沙市的某混居型社区为例,对当今城市社区内的人际交往现状进行了访谈式与参与式的实证研究,并据现存问题提出治理建议。其研究结果主要可归纳为以下几点：(一)居民物质生活水平的提升与邻里交往观念的改变削弱了邻里网络构建的重要性与积极性。相比传统社区,现代社区中居民的社会人际网络范围逐渐向居住空间外扩展。(二)现代城市的居住空间造就了邻里交往出现隔阂的硬件环境,传统住宅区中的积极因素应该用于现代建筑设计中来。(三)即使处于同一地域内、甚至同一社区环境中的居民,仍然会由于其异质性而互不往来、逐步淡漠,并且产生隔阂。最后向居住空间分异化、社区隔离化现象发展。(四)社区认同感形成的主导因素转变对“楼盘”身份的认可,但这种认可仅为一种符号性的身份存在,视为一种经济地位上相互的认可,与传统社区中的邻里亲密的观念不同。(五)为共同利益而采取维权行为的居民团体或自治组织在其行动的过程中逐步建立起新的人际关系,对其团体甚至整个邻里人际网的构建具有催化作用。事实证明业主委员会等自治组织的兴起将有利于邻里人际网络的构建。总体而言,现代社区中的邻里交往对当今大多数居民而言地位下降了许多,但这种人与人之间的情感沟通始终是无法被网络科技的盛行所替代,邻里之间的交往也将是我们永恒不变的一个主题。它的加强对维持社区安定、建构和谐融洽的社会生活环境、树立良好风尚,走向和谐社会具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The neighborhood lives of urban grassroots are affected by changes in society as a whole, and have become the window for observing the social operating system changes. The reform makes the whole neighborhood gradually prosperous, and also makes neighborhood lives and functions change. Before reform, Neighborhood was a welfare-based way of living arrangement, and was the social organization for achieving political control and passing the word under unit of society. Current neighborhood lives have strengthened and formed much livelier self-organization and the public living space. The urban high-rises have been constructed constantly, landmark buildings and commercial areas have been reformed constantly, urban morphology has changed quickly, which have been cleverly disguised, but we often ignore the changes of the roots, which are also vivid and colorful.City planning and its continuing construction of residential area, change and maturity in neighborhood public service, Organization of neighborhood life changes from administrative control to strengthen the self-organization, public participation, and the expression of interests and needs; Contents of neighborhood life change from grocery shopping, repairs to the neighborhood concerns and participate in political acts such as activists and residents generated internal elections; Neighborhood residents emerged to the public interest and collective action-oriented property committee. As the new type of activist in the neighborhoods, they negotiate and regulate things in the neighborhoods; as a result, governance structure in the urban grassroots is in the process of rebuild.The researching methods in the paper include Social Integration Theory and network analytic method. I take a mixed community in changsha as a research example to do the work. In this community, I begin with interviewing method and participatory method in order to understand the human communication statuesque in urban community. The main findings can be summarized as follows:1.Enhance in the living standards of residents and its intercourse attitude changes has weaker their enthusiasm in building communication network. Compared to the traditional community, the scope of social networks in modern residents of the community gradually extended to outsider space.2. Modernity living space created an environment which makes separation in neighborhood communications. Positive elements of traditional residential areas should be used to the modern architecture.3. Even in the same geographical region, or of the same community environment, communication barriers will still be found between residents because of their heterogeneity and indifferent to each other.4.The dominant factors of the community identity formation changes to the approval of "real estate" identity, but such recognition is only a symbolic, a mutual Economic status recognition. That’s the difference compare to the traditional communities in the neighborhood. A fact shows that rising of owner’s committee and self-organization will help the neighborhood rebuild its interpersonal networks.5. Residents groups or self-organizations will gradually establish a new relationship when they have to take actions to protect their common of interest, it will improve the builds of the whole neighborhood networking.Speaking overall, to lots of the residents, neighborhood’s intercourse no more plays a important role in their life, but such emotional communication between people is can not be replaced by any network technologies, intercourse between neighbors will always be our eternal theme. It’s strengthening means a lot to the maintain community stability, to Constructs harmonious community living environment, establishes good habits, and to a harmonious society.更多还原