【作者】 杨慧；

【导师】 曲福田；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 化肥作为粮食生产的投入要素之一,有利于粮食增收,但随着化肥投入的逐年增加,化肥投入虽然增加了粮食的供给,但其对环境负的外部效应也逐渐彰显。化肥作为农业面源污染的重要来源,对环境尤其是水环境产生着负面影响。中国农业的发展有双重任务,一是保障农民农业生产,二是保护环境。但中国农民人数众多且分散,同时农户施肥行为存在化肥施用量过多,利用率不高等等问题。农户不合理的施肥行为不仅仅不利于粮食增产、农民增收而且对环境污染造成了巨大的负面影响。农户作为导致农业面源污染的末端主体,从农户角度出发治理农业面源污染将有更大的困难,从农户层面出发研究如何诱导农户合理的施肥,对于社会具有重大意义,同时对于政策制订者具有借鉴意义。本研究重点在于研究影响太湖流域的农户施肥行为的因素。首先,在对相关文献进行综述的基础上,构建了影响农户施肥行为因素的理论框架。其次,在因素框架的基础上,进行了研究设计,并对太湖流域地区无锡、常州和镇江三地16个镇325户农户的施肥情况进行了实地调研。利用实地调研数据,运用描述统计的方法研究了样本地区的概括以及农户的施肥现状。最后,利用单因素分析以及计量经济模型的多元线性回归,对农户施肥量的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明：农户年龄与单季纯氮施用量呈倒U型关系,使用配方肥与纯氮施用量呈负相关关系,土地遭灾与农户单季纯氮施用量呈正相关,农地产权类型与农户单季纯氮施用量呈正相关。且研究表明单季稻纯氮施用量显著的低于稻麦油轮作体系下的纯氮施用量,无锡地区的纯氮施用量显著的高于镇江地区的纯氮施用量。而在实证中农户特征变量,土地资源禀赋变量、农地产权变量以及风险变量中其他因素并未如理论预期一样对农户单季化肥施氮量产生显著的作用。最后,针对当前农户施肥现状,为了引导农户合理施肥,政府可以从以下几方面入手：第一,加强农民生态环境保护知识的普及工作；第二,推广商品有机肥和测土配方施肥,采取价格补贴方式推广环境友好型化肥。第三,进一步稳定产权,保障农户增加对土地的长期投入减少对土地的短期化肥投入。最后,政府也可以通过制定化肥相关法律和利用经济手段对农户施肥行为进行调控。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the inputs elements of grain production, fertilizer plays an important role in grain income. However, with increasing of chemical fertilizer inputs, the external effects of fertilizer inputs show obviously gradually while food supply increases. As a main source of agricultural non-point source pollution, fertilizer has a negative impact on the environment, especially water environment. The agricultural development in China faces with dual tasks: protection farmers in agricultural production and protection the environment. Chinese farmers have big amount and dispersed, and there still have some problems in the fertilization action, such as low utilization of chemical fertilizer and use overabundance of chemical fertilizer. The action that farmers’fertilization is unreasonable not only increases the cost of agricultural production, but also pollutes the environment. But the expanse and randomness of the agricultural non-point source pollution result in the bottom treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution face greater difficulties. Staring from the farmers to study how to induce farmers fertilize reasonably has great significance to the society, and at the same time uses for policy maker reference.This study focused on the factors of farmers fertilization factors in the Tai lake basin. First of all, basing on the review of the interrelated literature, we constructed a theoretical framework which farmer fertilization action affect factors. Second, putting the conclusion of farmer fertilization influencing factors as a foundation, a questionnaire was designed, and a spot investigation was done on 325 farmers in 16 towns of Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang in Tai lake basin area. Then, the field research data was used for the summary in the studied samples and the farmer fertilization status with descriptive statistics. Finally, demonstration analysis was carried on the influencing factors of farmer fertilizer amount with the single-factor analysis of statistical methods and the general multivariate linear regression of econometric model. The results show that:household age is inverted U-relationship with one-season pure nitrogen application amounts, pure nitrogen application amounts has a negative correlation with using specific fertilizer, one-season pure nitrogen application amounts have a negative correlation with whether there has a disaster in the earth and one-season pure nitrogen application amounts have a negative correlation with land right type. Moreover, study shows that one-season rice pure nitrogen application amounts are significantly lower than that of rice-wheat oil tankers system, and pure nitrogen application amounts in Wuxi are significantly higher than that in Zhenjiang. However, in the demonstration the farmer characteristics variables are not expected to play a significant role in farmer one-season nitrogen application amounts, such as household age, education, land endowment variables and land property rights variables.At last, according to the current status of farmer fertilization, in order to guide the farmer fertilizer reasonably, government can start from the following aspects:first, Strengthen farmers’s knowledge of ecological and environmental protection Second, promote organic fertilizer and soil testing fertilization, and take price subsidies to promote environment-friendly fertilizers. Third, steady the further property rights, and protect farmers increase their long-term investment in the land to reduce the short-term input, Finally, government can also try to control farmers’fertilization behavior by environmental legislation and economic instruments.更多还原