【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 王元丰；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 工程与项目管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的增长和人们生活水平的提高,人类的生存环境也面临着越来严峻的挑战。地球资源锐减,“三废”污染严重加剧,环境不断恶化。上世纪七十年代一股绿色风潮席卷全球,而建筑业也掀起了一场轰轰烈烈的绿色革命。目前,我国住宅建筑多为“非生态”、“非绿色”的建筑,不仅耗费了大量的资源、能源,而且人体健康带来了损害,增加了环境的负荷。为了促进绿色住宅的发展,节约资源能源,降低环境负荷,在住宅的规划、设计、施工和运营维护四个阶段以及在整个住宅项目的全生命周期阶段进行科学的评价,确定合理的评价体系非常重要。目前,国内外关于住宅的绿色评价方面有一些研究和实用的评价方法,但是考虑在住宅整个生命期内的综合评价体系和方法以及住宅的各个阶段的绿色性能的研究与实践还比较少。针对这方面问题,本文开展了以下研究工作：1.在分析了国内外的现有的绿色建筑评价体系的指标、权重、评价方法以及评价工具后,结合我国国情建立了一个以住宅为评价对象的绿色阶段评价体系和全生命周期评价体系。2.绿色住宅阶段评价体系将住宅项目的生命周期分为住宅的规划、设计、施工和运营维护四个阶段,对住宅的不同阶段的环境负荷、资源、能源等方面进行评价。针对不同阶段的住宅建筑项目,科学设立了四个阶段的绿色评价指标,并用超级决策软件计算出指标权重。3.以Visual Basic作为开发平台,编制了绿色住宅阶段评价系统SASGR (Stage Assessment System for the Green Residence)。该软件具有友好的操作界面,完善的评估引导界面,涵盖了多种类型住宅建筑的各个阶段的评估内容,采用图文并茂的方式输出,使得评估结果一目了然。4.针对住宅建筑的整个生命周期,建立从能源方面和环境负荷方面进行评价的绿色住宅全生命周期评价体系,计算绿色住宅在全生命周期内的能耗和碳排放量,从而体现绿色住宅的可持续性。5.选取一栋实际住宅的设计阶段作为评估实例,用来检验评价理论的科学性以及SASGR系统的通用性及评估结果的客观性。同时对该住宅建立的LCA计算模型,考查其全生命周期内耗能和排放。根据评价结果,对该住宅提出了提高其绿色性能的改善措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the economic growth and improving of living standard, the environment where people live is facing with severe test. The earth resources are reducing sharply, the three wastes pollution is worse seriously, the environment is deterioration constantly. The green trend has influenced the whole world in the 1970s, and a green revolution is catching on like fire in the construction business.At the present time, most of the residential constructions in China are un-ecological and un-green; They not only consume a lot of resources and energy, but also does some damage to the health of people and increase the load of environment. In order to improve the development of green residence, save the resource and energy and decrease the load of environment, it’s very important to do scientific assessment and ensure logical assessment system in the stage of plan, design, construction, operation and maintenance and the whole life cycle. There are several research and application assessment methods about the green residence assessment in the world at present, but the research and practice about the comprehensive assessment system and method in the whole life cycle of residence, the economic analysis of residence and emission of CO2 are still less. So this article will launch the following research in view of this situation.1. Based on the analysis of the indicators, weights, assessment methods and tools of the domestic and international green building assessment systems, combined with China’s national conditions, a stage assessment system and a life cycle assessment for the green residence is developed.2.With the perspective of the life cycle,The stage assessment of green residence assess on the impact of the environment,resources and energy in the residential planning, design, construction and operation of the maintenance stages. We set up indicator systems of four stages to assess the different residences of different stage.3. Based on the Visual Basic, an assistant tool (SASGR:Stage Assessment System for the Green Residence) is programmed in the hope of quicker and easier using the theory above. This software has many advantages such as:friendly user interface, complete guidelines. The system covers every stage for each type of residence. The output format contains both charts and data.4. Introduce the economic index and discharge of CO2 into the operation and maintenance index system of green residence. It can reflect the low cost and sustainability of green residence from establishing the index system of green residence assessment in cost and load to the environment, calculating the cost and discharge of CO2 in the whole life cycle of green residence.5. A residence of planning stage is selected as a case study for testing SASGR.A calculating model for analyzing the embodied energy and emissions over the life of the residence is established. Based on the results, the improvement measures are proposed to improve the green performance of the residence.更多还原