【作者】 尹伟；

【导师】 杨丰宁；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种普遍存在的语言现象,隐喻自古希腊时代起就吸引了众多学者的注意。传统的修辞学家仅把隐喻当作一种修辞手段,具有修饰性的本质,并且独立于人类认知系统之外。因此,隐喻的研究局限于文学作品之中。然而,随着莱考夫和约翰逊提出认知语言学的隐喻理论,认为隐喻是人类一种基本的思维方式和行为方式,对隐喻的研究扩展到多个领域,尤其是出现了对经济新闻语篇中隐喻应用的研究。但是很少有人从整体上对新闻语篇中的隐喻进行跨文化的对比研究。本文运用现代认知语言学的隐喻理论,对比分析了中英新闻语篇中的概念隐喻。本文语料来自于国内外著名的报刊杂志及一些权威网站,如金融时报,纽约时报、人民网等。共摘录了80篇新闻评论,其中关于北京奥运会的评论40篇,20篇英文,20篇中文;关于2008年金融危机下的经济报导40篇,中英各半。研究采用Steen的“五步法”确认语料中的隐喻,根据源域的不同进行分类,然后根据莱考夫的概念隐喻理论从隐喻中获得概念隐喻,并通过实例进行对比分析。通过经验主义和定量分析方式,本文在语料库中共发现7类概念隐喻,分别是旅途隐喻、生物隐喻、液体隐喻、战争隐喻、戏剧隐喻、容器隐喻和机器隐喻。比较分析的研究结果显示,中英新闻语篇中的概念隐喻基本一致,但在同一表层下也存在着一些细微的不同之处,尤其是不同语言对隐喻偏好的不同,以及语言表达层次的不同等。相同之处主要来源于人类相似的体验和对世界的认知,不同之处在于文化的不同倾向性。所以,人们应该充分认识理解概念隐喻,从而克服文化差异,提高跨文化阅读能力和翻译新闻语篇的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a prevailing language phenomenon, metaphor has drawn a lot of attention from scholars who study it by various means and from different aspects since the ancient Greek time. In the past, metaphor was regarded by the traditional rhetoricians solely as a rhetoric device, decorative in nature and independent of human cognition. After Lakoff and Johnson proposed the cognitive theory of metaphor defining metaphor as a basic human way of thinking pervasive in ordinary life, the study on metaphor extends from the realm of literary works to many fields. A large number of the studies focus on the use of metaphors in business and economic reports, which include numerous terminologies and abstract concepts. However, few people have compared metaphors found in English news discourse with those in Chinese news discourse as a whole. Based on the contemporary cognitive view of metaphor, this thesis sets out to conduct a comparative analysis about conceptual metaphors in English and Chinese news discourse.The study is carried out with the data composed of 80 news reports in the year 2008 about sports games, particularly the Olympic Games and economy in face of financial crisis, 40 in English and 40 in Chinese. The data are selected from relevant sections of some eminent magazines and authoritative websites like Financial Times and New York Times. Through Steen’s five-step metaphor identification procedure, a large amount of metaphorical expressions are collected and classified in terms of their source domains. Then, conceptual metaphors are abstracted from these metaphorical expressions in accordance with Lakoff’s conceptual metaphor theory with presentations of examples for each conceptual metaphor.With both quantitative and empirical methods, conceptual metaphors found in the corpus are generally categorized into 7 kinds, namely, Journey Metaphor, Organism Metaphor, Water Metaphor, War Metaphor, Drama Metaphor, Container Metaphor, and Machine Metaphor. Through comparative analyses, it is discovered that Chinese and English share almost the same conceptual metaphors in news discourse, but there are still some slight cultural differences in the seemingly same metaphors, notably the percentage of usage, or in other words, metaphor preference, and linguistic expressions. The similarity comes from human beings’common physical experiences and similar perception of the world while the difference is caused by cultural diversity. It is necessary for people to make good use of conceptual metaphor which helps bridge the cultural gap and consequently enhance the intercultural reading and translating ability of news discourse.更多还原