海港口岸偷渡犯罪研究

【作者】 张威；

【导师】 王瑞君；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 黄岛是山东省出入境船舶最多的口岸,2008年出入境船舶约1.3万艘次,约占全省的69%,集装箱吞吐量达1002万标准箱,港口吞吐量突破3亿吨。在海港口岸经济发展的同时,黄岛海港口岸偷渡犯罪亦呈上升趋势。作为黄岛边防检查站的一名工作人员,结合工作实际,以入世后黄岛海港口岸偷渡犯罪情况为分析依据,总结此类犯罪的特点、规律,探讨犯罪的成因,并针对海港反偷渡工作,提出一些打击对策,希望能对维持我国正常的海港口岸出入境秩序和维护我国的国际声誉、对外形象有所帮助。全文共分四个部分,主要内容如下：一、海港口岸偷渡犯罪现状与危害。简要综述我国海港偷渡犯罪的整体现状,重点分析黄岛口岸入世后偷渡犯罪的基本情况。立足于黄岛口岸的实际情况,从对我国、偷渡目的地国和偷渡人员的人身造成损害等方面分别论述海港偷渡犯罪活动的危害,阐明打击此类犯罪的必要性和紧迫性。二、海港口岸偷渡犯罪的主要类型、规律及特点。海港口岸偷渡犯罪通常可归纳为三种基本类型,即利用集装箱、偷登和藏匿远洋船舶和利用客班轮偷渡,各有规律和特点。相比较,黄岛口岸偷渡犯罪类型集中在：利用集装箱和偷登藏匿远洋船舶,呈现出区域性特有的规律和特征。三、海港口岸偷渡犯罪的原因。重点结合黄岛海港实际,主要阐述海港口岸偷渡犯罪的原因。黄岛的地理位置和口岸的迅猛发展构成该地偷渡的自然原因。偷渡人户籍地历史传统对偷渡者行为形成一定程度的影响。此类犯罪的社会原因包括：全球经济发展不平衡和偷渡犯罪带来的高额利润的利益诱惑；相关法律制度的不完善与滞后、口岸限定区域不明确和海港边检机关刑事侦查权缺失等法律因素：执法管理部门职责定位不明确和勤务设施不完善、综合配套措施不力等的管理原因。偷渡人员法制观念淡薄、盲从心理与攀比之风等构成偷渡犯罪的个体原因。四、海港口岸偷渡犯罪的打击对策及措施研究。根据上述原因的分析,借鉴国际社会和我国打击此类犯罪的现有方法策略,参照黄岛实际,针对我国目前的方法策略存在的不足,从以下六个方面提出今后打击此类犯罪应该采取的一些对策和措施：首先应加强立法,构建完善的出入境法律体系；二是针对现有体制的弊端,建议改革现有的出入境管理体制,理顺各种关系,方便统一指挥；三是加强与口岸相关部门的密切配合,共同防范各类涉外犯罪；四是加强信息化建设,发挥科技应用的效用,用科技手段来防范打击偷渡犯罪；五是积极开展以打击“蛇头”为目的的反偷渡专项斗争,深挖严打；六是密切国际合作,建立国际反偷渡合作机制,加大与其他国家的交流、学习力度,以联合防范、打击此类犯罪。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the most entry-exit vessels in Shandong,Huangdao Port witnesses about 13000 entry-exit vessels,accounting for 69% in the whole province.Besides,its container throughput reaches 10.02 million TEUs and the port’s throughput exceedes 300 million tons.With the development of port economy,the illegal immigration crimes in Huangdao Port are also increasing. As a staff member of the Huangdao Frontier Inspection Station,based on my actual work and the illegal immigrations crimes,I sum up the characteristics and regular pattern of such crimes,explore the causes of them and put forward some countermeasures to assist our anti-illegal immigration work,in the hope that this paper may help keep our normal entry-exit order in the harbor and maintain China’s international reputation and external image.The full-text is divided into the following four main parts:1. the status quo and harmness of illegal immigration crimes. After a brief overview of China’s harbor illegal immigration crimes situation,more effort is devoted to the basic situation of illegal immigraiton in the Huangdao Port after entering WTO.Then,based on the actual situation of Huangdao ports,I analyze the damage of such crimes to our country,the destination courntry and the stowaways to illustrate the need and urgency of combating such crimes.2.the mian types,characteristics and regular patterns of illegal immigration crimes.This section first discusses the three basic types of illegal immigration crimes (using containers,illegal embarking and hiding in overseas ships and utilization of passenger liners),and its characteristics and laws;then,according to the acctual situation,it analyzes the types of such crimes in Huangdao port(using containers, illegal embarking and hiding in overseas ships),and their traints and laws.3.the causes of such crimes.In this part,based on my own work experience, I explore the six main reasons:economic reasons,geographical traints of harbors, problems in the legal system,historical background,problems in management and the personal reasons of stwoaways. Among them,economic reasons are considered as the root causes of such crimes,and will be analyzed from the two aspects:imbalances in the global economic development and high profits obtained by such crimes.The reasons of the problemtic legal system are:the relevant laws and regulations are imperfect,the existing laws and regulations are imcompatible with the development of the situation,the limited area in ports and harbors is not clear, and power of criminal investigations for the Port Frontier Inspection Authorities is required.Management reasons are analyzed from the two aspects:law enforcement management duties and responsibilities are not clear;logistical facilities and comprehensive package of measures are inadequate.As for the personal reasons of stowaways,two aspects are mentioned:lack of the sense of law and assentation and matching others blindly.4.the countermeasures to combat port illegal immigration crimes.Based on the above analysis of the reasons,in order to resolve the practical difficulties encountered in the frontier anti-illegal immigration work,I put forward some strategies and methods to combat such crimes in this section.Drawing on our country and the international community’s methods and strategies in combating such crimes,and focusing on our nation’s shortcomings on the methods and strategies of combating illegal immigration crimes,I put forward some countermeasures and principles from six aspects to combat illegal immigration crimes in the future.First,we should strengthen our legislation and build a sound entry-exit legal system.only on the basis of perfect legal system,can we effectively crack down on crime;Second,we should point out the shortcomings of the existing system.In this paper,it is suggested that we should reform the current immigration management system,rationalize the various relationships to facilitate the unified command;Third,we should strengthen the close cooperation with the port-relevant departments and jointly prevent various types of foreign-related crime;Fourth,we should strengthen the information construction,give full play to the effectiveness of technology,and use scientific and technological means to prevent illegal immigration crime;Fifth,we should actively crack down on "snake heads" for the purpose of anti-illegal immigration struggle and root out the crackdown;Sixth,we should promote the close international cooperation and the establishment of international cooperation mechanisms in anti-illegal immigration and increase exchanges and learning with other countries,in order to jointly prevent and combat such crimes.更多还原