【作者】 蒋为；

【导师】 杨仁斌； 许振成；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生态学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 植生混凝土(planting concrete)作为一种生态型护岸材料,应用于河道护砌时可达到安全行洪、水质净化、生态恢复和景观美化于一体的效果。本论文针对于我国南方城市河道水质污染及富营养化严重的特点,系统地开展了适于河道特点的植生混凝土护砌技术研究,主要结果如下：利用数码相机和计算机工具软件,测得单粒级骨料粒径20～25mm、25～32mm制作的多孔混凝土试件的平均孔径分别为7.75mm、9.65mm,采用排水法研究了植生混凝土的渗透性规律及植物对其内部的适应性,测得单粒级骨料粒径20～25mm与25～32mm制作的多孔混凝土试件空隙率平均在34.25%～37.65%。通过对多组植生混凝土试块内部孔隙水环境pH值的测定,考察了空气中自然碳化、水浸、灌入磷酸氢氨、喷洒硫酸亚铁4种降碱处理方式对植生混凝土孔隙碱性水环境的影响。结果表明,植生混凝土在孔隙率大致相当的情况下,孔隙的平均孔径越小,孔隙水环境的pH值越高；平均孔径较大,孔隙水环境的pH值则会低一些。水浸、灌入磷酸氢氨、喷洒硫酸亚铁能将孔隙内部pH值降至10左右,满足护坡用植生混凝土的要求。研究了植生混凝土河道护坡模拟装置对污染河水的水质净化作用。在对污染河水中各类污染物的去除中,模拟河道护坡装置对TP的去除效果最为明显,平均去除率最高可达95.06%,其次对NH4+-N最高可达84.17%,对COD最高可达62.91%,对TN的去除效果最差,平均去除率为38.93%。各种供试植物中,黑麦草、红三叶、白三叶以及狗牙根表现最为稳定,对污染河水净化效果最好。研究了植生混凝土河道护坡模拟装置对富营养化河水的净化效果。在四个不同的试验阶段,植生混凝土试块对污染河水中叶绿素a的平均去除率最高可达到89.10%,对浊度的平均去除率最高可达到76.33%。在对叶绿素a去除效果方面,供试植物中以白三叶、早熟禾、黑麦草及红三叶四种植物试块去除率表现得相对稳定,对坡度与水量的变化适应性较强；在对浊度去除效果方面,表现最为稳定的是狗牙根试块,四个阶段平均去除率均达到了50%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Planting concrete is an environmental-friendly revetment material. Safety flood-discharge, water self-purification, ecological restoration and landscape beautification could be all performed if it is applied in slope protection structure of urban river. Based on the characteristics of heavy pollution and serious eutrophication of river water in South China, the slope protection technology of planting concrete especially adaptive to southern urban rivers was studied systematically in the dissertation. The main results were as follows:The mean pore size of porous concrete was measured with a digital camera and certain software. The mean pore sizes of porous concrete, which were made of aggregates in the diameter ranges of 20-25mm and 25～32mm, were 7.75mm and 9.65 mm, respectively. The permeability law and plant adaptability of planting concrete was measured by drainage. The mean porosity of porous concrete, which were made of aggregates in the diameter ranges of 20～25mm and 25～32mm, were 34.25%～37.65%.The pH value of pore’s water of 4 treatment methods of alkalinity reducing of planting concrete are measured and the influences of factor’s, the carbonization, the immersion, intubation imbuing ammonium hydrogen phosphate and spraying ferrous sulfate, on the pH are investigated. The experimental results show that, under the Condition of the porosity of planting concrete approximately quite, the pH value of pore’s water increases as the average pore diameter decreases, and decreases as the average pore diameter increases. The immersion, intubation imbuing ammonium hydrogen phosphate and spraying ferrous sulfate the pH value of planting concrete reduces to 10 below. The investigation achievement e fulfills the criteria of planting concrete. The effect of simulated concrete embankment on water purification was studied. The results show that the planting concrete blocks had the best efficiency on TP, the highest being 95.06% of average removal efficiency. Next came NH4+-N 84.17%, COD 62.91%, The removal efficiency is the worst in TN, the average removal efficiency were 38.93%. The planting concrete blocks which planted white ryegrass, red clover, clover, and bluegrass are the most stable and had the best effect in the removal effect of polluted river water.The eutrophication river water removal effect in different hydraulic loading and different slope gradient was studied. Experimental results show that the maximum average removal rates of chlorophyll a were 89.10% and the maximum average removal rates of turbidity were 76.33% in 4 different stages. The planting concrete blocks which planted white clover, bluegrass, ryegrass and red clover had the best effect in the removal effect of chlorophyll a, and which planted bermuda grass had the best effect in the removal effect of turbidity.更多还原