【作者】 郭陆；

【导师】 李洪建；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 自然地理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 植被恢复对于提高道路边坡的稳定性和减少其侵蚀有着重要的作用,边坡喷播草种技术是有效的植被恢复途径之一。有研究表明喷播过程中,应该主要以本地种子为主,这不仅是因为外来物种获取较为困难,而且可以避免播种单一绿化种子在不同环境条件下的生长差异。本试验选取黄土高原常见的6种优质草种,进行混播试验,另外土壤基质中加入本地所产的玉米、小麦秸秆所制成的纤维材料。其目的在于:1)研究不同草种在黄土高原地区的发芽率及生长状况;2)根据不同混播草种类型的表现情况确定适应本土化的草种配置;3)利用加入的纤维基质改变土壤物理性质,达到增加土壤有机肥力的作用;4)研究本地化的纤维基质如何替代原有的纤维基质,从而降低工程成本。论文主体分为5章。第一章为引言,第2-5章为主要研究内容。第2章为试验设计与概况,主要阐述本试验的具体操作步骤与内容;第3章以试验的结果与分析为重点,分别对供试草种的发芽率、幼苗生长状况、土壤基质纤维的影响程度等数据进行统计,利用EXCEL、SPSS、VISIO等软件,整理并分析数据;第4章为结论,其中主要归纳了试验中得出的几点结果,比较几种草种配置在不同生长情况下与土壤基质纤维之间的关系等,以及土壤分形维数的空间变化规律;最后第5章是讨论与展望,提出了一些试验方面的改进措施,另外,对今后的试验提供了更加有利的基础。主要研究内容如下:1)对高羊茅、无芒雀麦两种禾本科植物及苜蓿、白三叶、草木樨、沙打旺,四种豆科植物进行抗逆性和适应性比较,从而初步选出了适宜于黄土高原高速公路边坡防护的植物。在初始发芽实验中,10 d时统计的发芽率表现为禾本科Ⅱ(无芒雀麦)的发芽率最高,豆科的发芽率表现为豆科Ⅰ(苜蓿、白三叶)的发芽率最高,20 d时,不同禾本科组合种子的发芽率间的差异基本不显著,而豆科Ⅰ的发芽率仍最高。2)纤维种类对三组禾本科种子发芽率的影响,表现在起初的发芽时间,木纤维和稻纤维的基质中种子发芽较早,而纤维种类对最终的发芽率的影响并不显著。因此从禾本科的发芽率考虑,本地区玉米纤维和麦纤维是可以替代木纤维和稻纤维。而在质量分数为1%和3%时,四种纤维对豆科的发芽率的影响基本不显著,但纤维质量为6%时,木纤维中的发芽率最高,且显著高于另外三种纤维,而其它三种纤维中发芽率间差异均不显著。因此可以推断出,纤维质量较低的情况下,玉米纤维和麦纤维可以替代木纤维和稻纤维,在较高的情况下木纤维为最佳。3)增加纤维质量后,土壤分形维数都有不同程度的下降,趋于空白土壤,这种现象可能是纤维秸秆的不同理化性质造成的,由于试验期限较短,秸秆并不能完全转化为腐殖质,存留于土壤里,或者进行试验中过筛不完全等原因造成的。但因为木纤维和水稻纤维本身纤维强度较低,切割时比较细分,所以土壤分形维数下降的趋势不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Restoration of vegetation to improve slope stability and reduce its erosion plays an important role. spraying grass technology on the slope is an effective way to restore vegetation. Research has shown that spraying process, should be the local seed-based, not only because it is difficult to obtain foreign species, but also it can avoid the growing difference of GM planting green seeds in adverse environmental conditions.In this study, select the Loess Plateau of the six kinds of common quality grass seed for sowing experiments, addition of soil matrix add locally produced corn, wheat straw fiber material made. Its purpose is to:1) Study on the different species germination rate and growth conditions at the local;2) According to different types of grass seed mixtures to determine the performance of the grasses to adapt to localized configuration;3) Add fiber matrix change soil physical properties, to increase the role of soil organic fertility;4) To study the localization of the fiber matrix can substitute for the original fiber, thereby reducing the cost of the project.Main thesis is divided into 5 chapters. For the introduction of the first chapter, Chapter 2-5, as the main study. Chapter 2 Overview and Design for the trial, mainly on the concrete operation of the test content and steps; Chapter 3 to test results and analysis, focusing on trial separately for the grass on the germination rate, seedling growth conditions, soil matrix fibers the extent of the impact and so on statistical data, using SPSS, EXCEL, VISIO software, production and analysis of data, so as to arrive at results; Chapter 4 for the conclusions, one of the major trials are summarized the results derived from a few to compare several configuration of different grasses and soil matrix the growth of the relationship between fiber and so on, and for larger-scale fractal dimension of soil spatial variation characteristics of the law; Finally in Chapter 5 and prospects are discussed and put forward a number of pilot areas improvements In addition, the future experimental design provides a more favorable foundation. The main conclusion of the study are as follows:1) Four legumes for resistance and adaptation, so as to elect a suitable initial highway slope in the Loess Plateau of plant protection. Germination in the initial experiment, 10 d of germination rate when the performance statistics for theⅡ(Bromus inermis) is the highest germination rate, germination rate of leguminous leguminous performance I (Medicago sativa L. Trifolium repens.) the germination rate maximum, 20 d, the different combination of grass seed germination rate of the basic differences between not significant, while the legume I still the highest germination rate.2) Fiber types of the three groups Gramineae seed germination rate, the most to the performance at the beginning of the germination time, wood fibers and matrix fibers in rice seed germination earlier, while the fiber type of the ultimate impact of the germination rate is not significant . Therefore, the germination rate of the grass family considerations, in this region corn fiber and wheat fiber are an alternative to wood fiber and rice fiber. In the mass fraction of 1% and 3%, the four fibers of legume germination rate of the basic no significant, but fiber quality is 6%, the wood fiber in the highest germination rate, and significantly higher than the other three fiber, while the other three types of fibers in the germination rate of no significant difference. Therefore it may be inferred that the lower fiber quality, the corn fiber and wheat fiber can replace wood fiber and rice fiber, at higher fiber best.3) Increase in fiber quality, the soil fractal dimension of the decline in varying degrees, tend to blank soil, this phenomenon is probably caused by the production of straw fiber, and because of a shorter test period, straw and can not be completely converted to humus, retained in the soil, or to carry out tests such as screening incomplete causes. However, because wood fiber and rice fiber itself, the lower fiber strength, cutting compared to the breakdown of soil so the fractal dimension of the downward trend was not obvious.更多还原