试论中国民事判例制度的构建

【作者】 张晓燕；

【导师】 章武生；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 传统上,英美法系以判例法为法律渊源,而大陆法系以成文法为法律渊源。判例法和成文法各具特色,各有利弊。20世纪之后,两大法系相互借鉴,不断融合。现今我国的法律体系在总体上属于大陆法系,最高院的指导性案例不具有法律约束力,但在实践中,判例并未被拒之门外,相反,判例在现阶段的司法体制中越来越显示出它独特的地位。近年来,法院受理的民事案件数量直线上升,民事案件类型呈现出多样化、复杂化趋势,现有的成文法无法满足民事司法审判实践的需要,为弥补成文法的缺陷,在保持我国法律传统的基础上,借鉴两大法系的判例制度,探索建立适合我国国情的民事判例制度,是法律工作者责无旁贷的责任。文章分为五大部分。第一部分是关于判例制度的基本理论。阐明了判例、判例制度的涵义,并对相关概念进行了界定。第二部分是对两大法系判例制度的考察。简要介绍了英美法系和大陆法系判例制度确立的背景和发展现状,分析了两大法系判例制度特点,可以为我国构建判例制度提供有益的经验。第三部分主要介绍了我国判例制度的历史发展和现有的案例指导制度,试图从我国古代到当代运用判例的传统中发掘丰富的本土资源,并指出了案例指导制度存在的弊端。第四部分讨论了构建民事判例制度的必要性和可行性。民事判例制度有利于弥补我国民事立法缺陷,统一司法尺度和规范司法裁量,提高法官素质、树立司法权威,节省司法资源、提高诉讼效率,弥补司法解释的缺陷,符合国际社会的发展需要,解决国际、区际的法律冲突。构建民事判例制度有认识论、理论、现实和实践的基础。第五部分是文章的重点,涉及构建民事判例制度的内容。首先分析了构建民事判例制度现存的障碍和对策;其次,对构建民事判例制度的路径做出了选择;最后对构建民事判例制度的操作模式给出了具体的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditionally, the Anglo-America law system took case law as its source of law, while continental law system took statute law as its source of law. Case law and statute law are distinguished from each other in different features, advantages and disadvantages. After the 20th century, two systems learned from each other, and constantly integrated. Today, our country’s legal system in general, belongs to civil law, which means the Supreme Court’s directing case is not legally binding. But in practice, prejudication has not been shut out, and on the contrary, prejudication at this stage of the judicial precedent system is increasingly shown out of its unique status. In recent years, the number of civil cases rises, showing the diversity and complexity of types of civil cases. The existing statute can not meet the needs of practice in civil justice. To make up for deficiencies in statutory law, it’s legalists’ duty to use the case system of two law system to establish civil case system which is suitable for our countries’ condition.The article is divided into five major sections. The first part is about the jurisprudence system, set out the basic theory of jurisprudence, jurisprudence system, meaning, and defines the relevant concepts.The second part is a study on the two law systems. It briefly describes the establishment background and present situation of the case system in Anglo-America law and continental law system and analyzes the characteristics of case system in two law system, which can provide useful experience for China to build case system.The third part introduces the historical development of our case system, and existing case directing system, trying to discover local resources in traditional use of prejudication and point out the drawbacks in guiding case.The fourth section discusses the necessity and feasibility of building a civil case system. Civil Case system is conducive to compensate for defects in our civil legislation, uniform standards and norms in the judicial discretion of justice and improve the quality of judges and establish a judicial authority, to save judicial resources, improve the efficiency of the proceedings to make up for deficiencies in judicial interpretation, in line with the international community’s development needs, to resolve international, inter-regional conflict of laws. Construction of civil jurisprudence system is epistemological, theoretical, realistic and practical basis.Fifth part is the focus of the article concerning the contents of the system to build a civil case. First, I analyze obstacles and Countermeasures in building a civil case system; Secondly, the right path to build a civil case the system has made the choice; Finally, my thought about the mode of operation of the system of civil jurisprudence is given.更多还原