【作者】 郭迎春；

【导师】 姜锡东； 杜建录；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国古代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏平原是西夏的立国之本。以兴灵为中心的宁夏平原位处贺兰山脉与鄂尔多斯高原、黄土高原之间,系断层陷落后经黄河冲积而成,因其位于河套平原西部,故又称“西套”。平原又分为银吴平原和卫宁平原两部分。平原南北两端狭窄,中间较宽,略似橄榄形,西屏贺兰山,东阻黄河,据有河山之胜,易守难攻。黄河由南向北纵贯平原,农牧业发达,物质资源丰富。正是由于其优越的自然条件、独特的地理形胜,宁夏平原一直是历代中原王朝的边陲重地,也是北方少数民族政权与中原王朝的争夺之地,谁占据并管理好这一地区,谁就可以控制西北。党项族占据宁夏平原并在此建都立国,也是因为当时政治格局、民族关系和宁夏平原独特的自然地理条件使然。宋咸平五年(公元1002年)李继迁攻克灵州,改为西平府,后以此为都。宋天禧四年(公元1020年),李德明又将都城从灵州迁至怀远镇,改为兴州(今宁夏银川市老城址)。德明父子以此为基地,进一步将势力拓展至河西走廊,打通了鄂尔多斯高原、河套平原、河西走廊三大板块,使党项、吐蕃回鹘少数民族连成一体,得以发展、强大。宁夏平原以兴灵为中心,素有“塞上江南”的美誉,西夏占领此地,并积极采取措施发展经济,使宁夏平原成为西夏重要的农牧业、手工业和商业中心,奠定了其立国的经济基础,西夏才得以立国。富庶的宁夏平原被党项占领后,很快被发展成为西夏的政治、经济、军事、交通、文化中心。元昊定都兴庆府,在此设立了一整套中央行政、军事机构,西夏的兵力配备也是以兴庆府为中心,把全国兵力向四周铺开。西夏建国后,在宁夏平原建立了以兴庆府和灵州为中心的贯通全国的交通驿道。以兴州为中心的兴灵文化,是西夏文化的主体,宁夏平原也就当之无愧成为西夏文化的中心。这一切都使得西夏国富兵强,与宋、辽、金抗衡二百年。因此,宁夏平原在西夏历史上占有重要的地位,可以说没有宁夏平原就没有西夏国。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ningxia Plain is the foundation of building Xixia dynasty iteself.Ningxia Plain,which centered on Lingzhou and Xingzhou is among Helan Mountain Range,Erduosi Highland and the Loess Highland.lt is from the wash of the Yellow River after the fault was falled.It is also called Xitao Plain because it is in the West of Hetao Plain. The Plain is divided into two parts,the Yinwu Plain and the Weining Plain,which is narrow in the north and South and much wider in the middle,just like an olive.The Helan Mountain Range is on the West of it while the Yellow River is on its east.It is easy to be defended and could hardly be attacked and occupied.The Yellow River goes through it.The agriculture and resources of it is very rich.Thanks to superior natural condition and unique geographical form,it has been a critical frontier for centrol dynasties in Chinese historiy,and a place which the national minorities fight for.It might be said that he who occupied and governed this area can control the whole Northwest of China.The Dangxiang nation occupied Ningxia Plain and settled down there because of the political situation,the relationship between the nations and its unique geographical conditions.On the fifth year of Xian Ping,Song dynasty(AD1002),Li Jiqian overcame Lingzhou,changed it to Xipingfu and let it became the captial of Xixia.Then,on the fourth year of Tianxi(AD1020),Li Deming moved the captial from Lingzhou to Huaiyuan Town and changed its name to Xingzhou(the old district of Yinchuan today), Deming’s father and he,continued expanding their power up to the Hexi Corrider.They connected Erduosi Highland,Hetao Plain and Hexi Corrider based on here so that the nation minorities such as Dangxiang,Tubo,Huihu and so on united and became prosperous and strong.The Ningxia Plain centered on Xingzhou,Lingzhou has the good name of "South of the lower reaches of the Changjing River beyond Great Wall",Xixia dynasty occupied there and took good measures to develop the economy,so Ningxia Plain has become a important agriculture,handicraft industry and business center of Xixia.In this way It established the basement of economy of Xixia Dynasty so that Xixia has found the county of its own.After the rich Ningxia Plain was occupied by Dangxiang nation,it became the center of Xixia Dynasty on politics,economy,the military,transportation as well as culture quickly.Since Yuan Hao made Xingqingfu as the captial of Xixia,he has set up a series of center administration and military organizations.The military strength of Xixia disposed around Xingqingfu apread on all sides.After Xixia Dynasty was founded,roads which access to the whole country centered on Xingqingfu and Lingzhou were built.The culture centered on Xingzhou is the major part of that of Xixia,Ningxia Plain is sure to be the center of culture of Xixia. All of these things made Xixia Dynasty became prosperous and strong and competed with Song Liao and Jin dynasties for over 200 years. Therefore, Ningxia Plain enjoyed important position in Xixia history. It might be said there was no Xixia Dynasty without Ningxia Plain.更多还原