【作者】 李彩霞；

【导师】 马红军；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 委婉语作为一种协调人际关系的表达手段,在语言中的使用是一种非常普遍的现象。委婉语既是一种语言现象,又是一种社会文化现象,而且,随着社会的进步,委婉语的使用变得越来越频繁和广泛。作为一种修辞手段,委婉语可用来缓和语气、调节气氛,以便于个人的意见更容易被接受。一次交际的圆满完成离不开委婉语的使用,因此可以称它为社会人际关系的“润滑剂”。委婉语首先是一种语言现象,单个的词语或句子并不具有委婉意义,只是在具体的语言使用过程中才体现出来。因此,委婉语不仅仅指那些用于表达委婉意义的词语本身,同时也是一种积极运用语言、力求表达思想的交际方式,更是一种社会文化理念。不同的语言使用集团、社会阶层都各有一套自己特定的语言手法来进行委婉表达,因而委婉语随着不同团体及其内部成员的特征,如年龄,种族,性别,职业,阶层等的变化而变化,范围涵盖了政治、经济、文化、道德、宗教等许多方面。大量的研究实验表明,文化是一个民族最本质、最具代表性的元素,更进一步地说,语言又是文化最直接、最独特、最明确的体现。语言深深扎根于社会文化的沃土中,离开了其产生和赖以存在的社会文化环境及交际语境,语言就失去了其依存的根本和意义,就像是部分离开了整体,手臂脱离了身体。出于这种原因,人们对语言现象也就不太容易做出准确、全面、透彻的理解和把握。由此可见,委婉语的使用受制于特定的社会文化模式,是社会文化、社会心理以及人际关系等众多因素综合作用的结果。它带有鲜明的社会文化印记,从一个侧面反映出社会在不同发展阶段所呈现出来的特有价值观、民族性和文化特征。因此我们说,委婉语也带有了一种文化气息。委婉语的产生源于语言与社会的相互摩擦,相互作用。其每一个毛孔无不渗透着丰富而深厚的社会文化内涵。但大量的研究分析显示,我们对委婉语的研究描述至今还逃不出词汇学和术语学等范畴局限,其本身在研究上的滞后无疑深刻影响了委婉语翻译工作的进程。基于此,本文拟从介绍委婉语的概念、构成、功能等方面入手,就其最基本的语言文化特色展开分析,对委婉语的构成方式提出自己的补充理解,并揭示当前委婉语翻译中存在的问题和不足。通过分析委婉语与社会、文化、语言的相互关系,运用社会语言学的基本理论和知识进行剖析,最后提出自己对委婉语的翻译工作所面临尴尬局面的解决方案。全文共分五章。引言部分概述委婉语的性质。第一章介绍委婉语的概念和功能,对汉英委婉语作了对比并分析了造成巨大差异的原因；就构成方式提出了一些比较独特的方法。第二章阐述委婉语翻译的意义。第三章揭示当前委婉语翻译过程中存在的一些问题。第四章引入社会语言学知识,寻求理论与实践间的结合点。第五章基于上述分析,尝试提出委婉语透解策略及翻译原则以指导翻译实践。结论部分总结全文,重申从社会语言学的社会文化视角对委婉语翻译及跨文化交流中的重要指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a means of expression to harmonize the interpersonal relationship, the using of euphemism is very common in many languages. Euphemism is a phenomenon of linguistics and sociology, and along with the progress of society, the using of euphemism is becoming more and more frequently and widely. As a rhetorical method, the applying of euphemism will be able to lighten tone and smooth atmosphere, making your opinion more acceptable. Euphemism is necessary for a satisfactory conversation; therefore it is called "the lubricant" for social interpersonal relationship.Euphemism is first a linguistic phenomenon, so a single word even a sentence does not make sense in this aspect. Only combined with the context, the euphemistic meaning could be expressed. Thus, a euphemism is not only the words employed to express the euphemistic meaning, but also a communication method to express ideas actively and vividly. More importantly, it is a social and cultural concept. There is always a unique euphemism expression style for a certain group or class. Moreover euphemism varies from group to group, and this variety reflects the different features, such as age, race, sex, occupation and class, etc. in the group, and this difference covers many aspects including politics, economy, culture, ethics and religion, etc.Plenty of researches reveal that culture is the most essential and representative element of a nation and farther, language is the most direct, unique and vivid expression of one culture. Language takes root deep into the fertile soil of social culture. Apart from the social and cultural environment and communication context, language will lose its sense of existing and meaning, just like part away from whole, arms off from body. For this reason, it is not easy for people to have a thorough understanding and good command of it. Therefore the using of euphemism is restricted by given social and cultural mode, and it is the result of a comprehensive interaction of social culture, social psychology and interpersonal relationships. Euphemism is marked deeply with social culture, and accordingly reflects the distinct features of values, nationality and culture from a difference aspect. Hence we can say the euphemism breathes the air of culture.Euphemism originates from friction and interaction between language and society, and it bathes thoroughly in the deep and rich essence of culture. However, much research analysis shows that the study of describing euphemism is still restricted within the scope of lexics and terminology and this lagging no doubt influences the translating progress. At this point, this paper starts with an introduction of the concept, composition and functions of euphemism, then spreads the analysis from the point of essential linguistic and cultural characteristics and points out the shortages and problems in euphemism translating work, in addition the author will append her own understanding of the composing method of euphemism. By analyzing the relationships between euphemism and society, culture and language in the view of sociolinguistics, the author puts out her resolution to the problems before euphemism translation at the end.The thesis comprises five chapters. The introduction gives an outline of the nature of euphemism.The first chapter introduces its concept and functions, analyzes the reasons why there are such differences between Chinese and English euphemisms and puts out some unique ways of forming euphemism.The second chapter explains the significance of translating euphemism.The third chapter reveals some problems in present process of translating euphemism.The fourth chapter deals with the combination of theory of sociolinguistics and translating euphemism.Based on the above analysis, the fifth chapter tries to put out ways and principles of euphemism translation.The closing chapter summarizes the key ideas in the thesis and reaches a conclusion. It points out the significant directive function of using theory of sociolinguistics onto translating euphemism. This part ends in a prediction of the possibilities of further research.更多还原