【作者】 李绍华；

【导师】 孙业桓；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 公共卫生与预防医学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 目的通过研究了解项目地区不同性别、不同年龄儿童非致死性意外伤害的现况以及主要影响因素,为“农村儿童意外伤害预防”项目实施和探索项目地区不同性别、不同年龄儿童非致死性意外伤害预防适宜模式提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取中学、小学和幼儿园学生及家长以及散居0-3岁婴幼儿和家长为调查样本,采用制定好的调查表就项目地区不同性别、不同年龄儿童非致死性意外伤害的现况以及主要影响因素进行调查;根据制定好的访谈和座谈提纲,对项目地区相关部门人员和儿童等进行访谈,了解当地儿童意外伤害有关政策和实施情况以及工作计划等;对项目地区相关机构、道路等环境、社会文化等进行实地考察。结果儿童意外伤害发生率为16.2%,男童发生率为18.1%,女童为14.3%;男女童前四位伤害发生率依次为:跌伤(5.5%)、烧烫伤(2.7%)、咬伤(1.8%)、交通伤(1.7%),其中跌伤以平地滑倒或绊倒最多(34.5%),烧烫伤以倒水所致最多(33.3%),咬伤以家养宠物引起最多(66.7%),交通伤以自行车导致最多(54.5%);伤害发生时间以4月份最高,最低为12月份;发生地点以家中为主(49.0%),其次为校园教室外(17.1%)及居住地室外(12.2%);纯收入0.2万元～组的家庭儿童意外伤害率最高,为16.8%,1万元～组的家庭最低,为9.4%;核心家庭儿童意外伤害率最高,为20.9%,主干家庭儿童意外伤害率最低,为15.1%,意外伤害对儿童、家庭以及社会产生较为严重的后果和负面影响。儿童家长意外伤害知识的知晓率为68.2%,学校工作人员儿童意外伤害认知行为正确率为80.9%,中小学生意外伤害认知行为正确率为63.3%。多因素分析结果显示,家庭结构、家庭成员有无吸烟、家庭成员有无犯罪、左右利手与其他小朋友有无打闹、户外活动时间可能是伤害发生影响因素。结论儿童意外伤害发生率相对较高,儿童意外伤害分布存在差异,儿童意外伤害是综合因素作用的结果,对儿童、家庭以及社会稳定等产生较为严重负面影响。儿童意外伤害预防应针对意外伤害、年龄、性别、类型、时间、空间的分布特征采取综合性干预措施。依据相关理论和本研究结果,提出项目地区农村儿童意外伤害预防应以儿童为核心、教师家长为关键、政府主导、多部门参与和合作、专业机构指导的思路和模式框架开展,预防和控制儿童意外伤害的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Object: To explore the current epidemiological situation and the related factors of unintentional injuries among children in PuCheng, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control model among children of different gender and age groups.Methods: Using a stratified sampling method, participants were drawn from students and their parents from middle school, elementary school and kindergarten, and infants aged 0-3 and their parents from residence community. Questionnaire survey was conducted on parents or students. Interview was administered to children and related official department staff. In addition , on-the-spot investigation was carried out to know road safty, social culture and so on of PuCheng.Results: The incidence of unintentional injuries was 16.2%, and the rate of boys and girls was 18.1%, 14.3% respectively. The four leading injuries of both boys and girls were failing injury (5.5%), empyrosis (2.7%), animal-related injury(1.8%) and traffic injury(1.7%). Slip or stumble on flat ground accounted the most among failing injury(34.5%); boiling water injury happened the most among empyrosis hurt(33.3%);animal-related injury were caused mainly by pet animal(66.7%);and traffic injury were partly caused by bicycle(54.5%). The highest frequency of unintentional injury occurrence was in April, while the lowest was in December. These damage happened mostly at home(49.0%), and the other two of top three injury occurrence locale were outside classroom within schoo(l17.1%), outside but around home(12.2%).Classified by family income, unintentional injury happened mostly among children whose pure family income above 2000 yuan(16.8%), while appeared least among young whose family income above 10000 yuan(9.4%). Nuclear family have relatively higher rate(20.9%) of children’s injury meanwhile family involved three generation have relatively lower rate(15.1%). The correct rate of answers on children injury of parents was 68.2%, and that was 80.9% of school staff. The correct rate of answer on konwledge and behavior of uninterntional injury of middle and elementary students was 63.3%. Multiple factors analyze showed that factors related to children’s unintentional injury include family structure, smoking of family members, crime of family members, convienient of left or right hand, kids fight with other child, and the time of children participate outdoor activities.Conclusion: Children’s accident injury can produce great negative effects on children and their family, as well as the stable of society. The incidence of unintentional injury among children is relatively high. There are multiple factors influence safety of children. It should take integrate prevention measures pointed at different age, gender, kind of injury, time and location distribution. According to related theory and results of this study, it suggests that we should adopt such working fram as following:government leading, multiple department cooperation, speciality institution guidance, taking teacher and parents as key person, and taking children as the core part. In doing so, we can achive the goal of control and prevention on chilren’s unintentional injury.更多还原