【作者】 黄士良；

【导师】 赵建成；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在苔藓植物的生活史中,孢子萌发后的原丝体(Protonema)阶段是孢子发育形成配子体的中间阶段。同时,这个阶段也是苔藓植物生命周期中的重要组成部分,是该类群区别于其他类群的一个显著特点。此阶段与苔藓植物的个体发育、系统演化有着密切的关系。侧蒴藓类植物是指蒴柄从叶腋中发生而非着生茎顶的藓类植物,也是苔藓植物中形体较大,形态结构比较复杂的进化类群。因此,研究侧蒴藓类植物的孢子萌发与原丝体发育对阐明各分类群之间的亲缘关系和系统演化具有重要的理论意义。主要研究结果如下:1、探讨了不同培养基质和培养条件对侧蒴藓类植物孢子萌发和原丝体发育的影响,初步建立了藓类植物孢子培养基质和培养条件标准化体系。2、采用显微观察的方法描述了14种侧蒴藓类植物孢子萌发、原丝体发育以及配子体发生的特征。3、选取孢子萌发、原丝体发育和配子体发生过程中的9个主要特征,21个指标,对14种侧蒴藓类植物的原丝体发育特征进行了分析,结果显示:14种侧蒴藓类植物隶属于3种萌发孢子型,即真藓型(Bryum-type)、蓑藓型(Macromitrium-type)和高领藓型(Glyphomitrium-type)。其中,属于真藓型的侧蒴藓类植物有8种,蓑藓型有5种,高领藓型仅1种。在此基础上编制了萌发孢子型检索表。4、探讨了萌发孢子型与侧蒴藓类植物系统进化、生态适应与繁殖策略之间的关系。通过对已知18科51属74种侧蒴藓类植物原丝体发育类型的分析表明:真藓型是侧蒴藓发育过程中被普遍采用的一种萌发孢子型,同时,它也是发育类型中较为进化的类型。本项研究共分析讨论了侧蒴藓类植物18科51属74种的萌发孢子型特征,其中7科11属14种是首次报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the life cycle of bryophyte, the protonema stage is the middle stage of the spores germinating into gametophytes. It is an important component in the bryophyte life cycle, and also a distinct feature different from other plant groups. This stage has a close relationship with the individual development, phylogenetic classification and the evolution of bryophyte.In Bryophytes, pleurocarpous moss, whose setae grow from the leaf axil but not from the apex of branch or stem, is a relatively advanced group with bigger bodies and more complicated structures. Therefore, studies on the spore germination and protonema development of the pleurocarpous moss are significant to clarify the relationships between each taxonomical group and the systematical evolution. The main results are as follows:1. Discussing the effect of different culture media and conditions on the spore germination, protonema development and gametophyte differentiation of the pleurocarpous moss. And the standard system of different culture media and conditions has been primarily founded.2. Describing the characteristics of 14 species of their spore germination, protonema development and gametophyte differentiation, and they are reported firstly by means of microphotography.3. 21 indexes of 9 characteristics have been chosen to analyze the developmental features of the 14 pleurocarpous mosses. Results show that the sporeling type of them belongs to 3 types: Bryum-type, Macromitrium-type and Glyphomitrium-type. Among the 14 pleurocarpous mosses, 8 species belong to Bryum-type, 5 species are Macromitrium-type and only one specie can be classified into Glyphomitrium-type. Based on these results, an index table for Sporeling-type has been also made.4. Discussing the relationship among the sporeling-type, systematical evolution, ecological adaptation and reproduction strategies. Sporeling-type, about 74 species, belonging to 18 families and 51 genera have been analyzed, and the results show that Sporeling-type of most pleurocarpous moss belongs to Bryum-type, which is a relatively advanced one.更多还原