深海多金属结核采矿水力提升系统螺旋流发生装置的设计与仿真

【作者】 胡书文；

【导师】 林愉；

【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 人类正在迎接深海采矿时代的到来,世界各国的科学家们对海洋进行了大量的探查与研究,发现海底储存有大量的多金属结核、钴结壳、油气资源、热液矿床及其它矿藏。尤其是大洋多金属结核,广泛分布于海洋深处的海底沉积物上。本课题研究对象是国际上公认最具实用前途的深海采矿系统中最大的问题---如何提升海底多金属结核?本文通过对龙卷风高速旋转角动量的分析,采用流体运动与地球自转相结合的方式,从整体系统研究流体螺旋流所必须遵循的动力学及旋向的规律。通过研究龙卷风的运动,探讨龙卷风形成机制,通过气压梯度力、惯性离心力和黏性力三力相平衡的气动力和热力学方程组,求得龙卷风的三维速度场的分布表达式,并从理论分析和探讨人工生成龙卷风的可行性。建立和研究立轴螺旋上升流水力学模型。同时,对圆管上升螺旋流进行建模、仿真和分析,为进一步的深海采矿多金属结核螺旋流水力提升系统设计提供理论基础。提出设计高速螺旋流发生装置,实现具有强大抽吸、贯穿和裹挟作用的多金属结核高速螺旋流,形成向心压力场,使多金属结核向心旋升,避免金属结核与管壁摩擦碰撞,并降低使螺旋流与管壁的摩擦阻力,从而极大地增强深海采矿多金属结核水力提升能力和提升效率,降低能量损耗的设计思想及理念。从深海采矿水力提升矿浆泵的输送环境、性能参数要求、输送形式等方面,阐明了深海采水力提升矿浆泵的设计原则、基本参数确定、泵型选择及我国在该领域的现状与未来的展望。通过深海采矿水力提升机理的研究和提升装置的创新设计,改革和创新扬矿管内多金属结核流的形态和结构,提高深海水力提升多金属的可靠性和经济提升效率。同时,建立扬矿管内多金属结核螺旋流和提升装置的力学模型,运用Fluent流体运动分析软件,进行螺旋流提升装置的模拟试验,通过计算,求得最终描述流场的数值解,绘制压力变化曲线,能量曲线,速度曲线等,并在此基础上分析总结水力提升参数和提升装置设计参数间的相互关系和变化规律,从而对提升装置的结构参数和各工艺参数进行设计及优化。设计出完整的,结构合理的深海采矿水力提升装置。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mankind is to celebrate the coming of an era of deep-sea mining, marine scientists all over the world do a lot of exploration and research, discovering that at the bottom of sea contain large amounts of multi-chip tuberculosis, cobalt crusts, oil and gas resources, hydrothermal deposits and other deposits. Especially, the oceanic poly-metallic nodules widely distributed benthic deposit in the deep ocean. The main concern of this subject is the biggest problems among mining elevation system by use of hydraulic power, which is universally recognized as the most practical future of that - how to elevate poly-metallic nodules?Through analyzing the high- speed rotation of the angular momentum of the tornado and adopting a fluid movement, the earth’s rotation. The dissertation systematically studies fluid dynamics laws and the law of spin from perspective of overall situation.By studying tornadoes campaign, mechanism for the formation of tornadoes, through the pressure gradient force, centrifugal force, inertia and stickiness of the equilibrium of the three aerodynamic and thermodynamic equations can be obtained the distribution formula of tornado’s three-dimensional velocity field, next Draw on the three-dimensional structure of the tornado from theory, againExplore the feasibility of artificially generated tornado.Study and establish the vertically spiral flow of hydraulic model, meanwhile, do spiral circular pipe flow modeling, simulation and analysis, so as to provide a theoretical basis for furthering the more deep-sea nodule mining metal spiral upgrade of the water systemPropose and design a high-speed spiral flow device with a strong suck function, penetration, encapsulation of the poly-metallic nodules and high-speed spiral flow, as a result shape a pressure field to the heart, then make the multi-chip tuberculosis spiral centripetally to avoid Poly-metallic nodules and reduce the friction and collision among the pipe wall, thereby reduce the frictional resistance between spiral flow and pipe wall. At last, enhance the deep mining of poly-metallic nodules hydraulic capacity upgrade and elevation efficiency and reduce energy loss design concept.From the transmission environment of deep-sea mining hydraulic pulp pump upgrade, performance parameters requirements, and other forms of transportation, the paper stated the design principle of the deep ore mining hydraulic pump upgrade, ascertainment of basic parameters, pump selection and prospect of current situation or future in this field.Through researching deep-sea mining upgrading mechanism of hydraulic, innovative design of lifting equipment, reform and innovation of lifting pipe flow for poly-metallic nodules in the shape and structure, then improve the reliability and economic efficiency of deep-sea hydraulic upgrade poly-metallic. At the same time, establish a mechanical model of elevating installation and the spiral flow for poly-metallic nodules in the pipe. Using fluent fluid analysis software, we can conduct an upgrading spiral flow simulation test. Then obtain the numerical solution of the ultimate description of flow field, draw pressure changes curve, energy curve, and speed curve. On this basis analyze and sum up Correlation and change regularity between the hydraulic parameters and lifting equipment upgrade design parameters. Therefore design and optimize upgrading device parameters and parameters of various processes.更多还原