电子废弃物回收处理体系的研究

【作者】 方伟成；

【导师】 黄万抚； 杜欢政；

【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 我国国民经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,伴随着各类家用电器、电脑、手机等办公和通信设备的普及,尤其是这类电子产品更新换代不断加速,自从2003年起,我国的电子产品已经进入一个前所未有的报废高峰期。然而,由于法律法规的不健全和回收处理体系的不完善,致使大量的电子废弃物任意处置,存在资源浪费、环境污染和安全隐患等社会问题。因此,建立完善的电子废弃物回收处理体系是目前当务之急。本文在国内外研究成果和实践调研的基础上,运用定性分析和比较分析方法对我国目前的五种回收处理体系进行详细的剖析和优缺点比较,并在逆向物流理论和循环经济理论的基础上,结合我国的电子废弃物回收现状,提出建立“个体回收者+回收公司+园区管理”的回收处理体系。此体系的建立应遵循市场化原则、公益性原则、改编原则和本土化原则;充分调动流动个体回收者回收的灵活性和积极性,进行多渠道全方位的回收并对流动个体回收者实行“八统一”管理和设立认证制度;实行集中拆解的园区管理模式;构建再利用、再生利用、再循环、无害化处理的网络体系结构;采用押金一返回制度的收费模式,并实行园区管理。这既能解决流动个体回收者的就业问题和电子废弃物拆解公司的货源不足问题,又能充分回收和资源化利用电子废弃物,推进社会的可持续发展。为了实现“个体回收者+回收公司+园区管理”的回收处理体系的成本最小化和收益最大化以及寻求回收站点的最佳设计数量和选址的目标,本文建立了一个多目标的回收处理体系成本-收益模型,为回收处理体系的运行进行可行性分析。对这个回收处理体系中的电子废弃物的回收处理路线、拆解工艺、破碎分离工艺和金属回收工艺进行研究,并针对这个回收处理体系的回收处理废水的特性,设计其废水治理工艺流程。最后对我国电子废弃物回收处理体系的构建与运行从法律法规、激励机制、技术支持、跨境转移等方面提出对策与建议。本文希望通过建立“个体回收者+回收公司+园区管理”的回收处理体系,为国家科学地制定相关法律法规和电子废弃物产业政策提供现实基础,为我国构建完善的电子废弃物回收体系提供依据,在促进再生资源产业的发展,保护生态环境,节约能源和推动我国走可持续发展道路等方面起到一定的促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese rapid economic development and continuous improvement in people’s living standards, along with various household appliances, computers, mobile phones and other office and communications equipment popularity, especially electronic products such replacement is accelerating, since 2003, China’s electronic products has entered an unprecedented Scrap the peak period. However, due to imperfect laws and regulations and recycling system is imperfect, there are a lot of arbitrary disposal of electronic waste, which lead to the waste of resources, safety problems and environmental pollution and social problems. Therefore, the establishment of a sound e-waste recycling system is the most urgent task.Based on the domestic and international research and practice-based research, using qualitative analysis and comparative analysis of China’s current five recycling system for detailed analysis and comparative advantages. And in reverse logistics and recycling economic theory on the basis of China’s recovery of electronic waste, proposed the establishment of " self-employed +recycling companies + Park management" recycling system. Full mobilization of the movement of individual recycling and recovery flexibility and initiative to include employees in the form of third-party recycling companies to conduct all aspects of multi-channel recovery; Dismantling the park centralized management approach; Constructing reuse, recycling, recycling, sound processing network system structure; applying a deposit system to the charging mode; applying a park management; constructing the recycling system of electronic waste. Not only it can solve the employment of the Self-employed who recycling the electronic waste and dismantling the inadequate supply problems of the company, but also full recovery and utilization of electronic waste, and promote the sustainable development of society.In order to achieve the target of minimizes the cost、maximize the revenue、the best site for recycling the volume and design of the site of the "self-employed +recycling companies + Park management" recycling system, the paper established a multi-target system with the recovery costs - revenue model for the recycling system running a feasibility analysis.In the system of recycling electronic waste, researched the recycling line, dismantling process, metal recovery process, broken and separation technology. And against the wastewater characteristics of the recycling treatment system, designed its wastewater treatment process. At last, for Chinese electronic waste recycling and processing system, this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions from the construction and operation of the laws and regulations, incentive mechanism, technical support, cross-border transfer.By establishing a "self-employed+ recycling companies + Park management" recycling system ,this paper hopes to provide realistic basis for the country to scientifically formulate relevant laws and regulations and electronic waste industrial policy , to provide the basis for our electronic waste recycling system ,to develop the development of renewable resources industry, to protect the ecological environment, to save energy, to promote China may follow sustainable path of development.更多还原