【作者】 李华；

【导师】 张建奇； 高立民；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自CCD立靶坐标测量系统研究成功以来,8米×8米CCD立靶,在以天空为背景照度下,对大尺寸炮弹弹丸的捕获率可达90%以上。但用于轻武器的暗弱高速弹丸(步枪φ5.8mm弹丸)的4米×4米立靶,捕获率难以得到理想结果。主要原因是轻武器弹丸尺寸小(φ5.8mm×12.4mm),飞行速度高(弹速≈1300m／s)在自然天空背景下,目标信号弱,使系统无法满足对这类轻武器暗弱高速弹丸目标的捕获。本文通过对轻武器目标弹丸的特性分析以及其在CCD传感器上光学成像原理的分析,深入研究了CCD立靶应用于这类弹丸坐标测量中几项关键技术,采用激光主动照明技术和光学滤波技术,增大了目标和背景的信噪比。论文重点对系统的交汇测量精度、目标捕获率、大功率半导体激光器照明技术、大视场大相对孔径光学系统及光学滤波技术、软件设计原则等展开了详细的研究与论述。并在理论分析的指导下,研制了成功了国内第一台由经纬仪、线阵CCD相机、大功率半导体激光器系统、图象采集和处理系统等组成的用于自动测量轻武器弹丸着靶精度和着靶密集度指标的4米×4米靶面轻武器立靶坐标测量系统,该系统4米×4米靶面内的实弹射击试验捕获率大于90%。理论分析计算与试验测试相吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the system of CCD-vertical target for coordinate measuring has been successful development, the shell capture rate of the 8 m x 8 m CCD-vertical target is greater than 90% in the sky as the background illumination. But the small-arms capture rate of the 4 m×4 m CCD-vertical target is not a satisfaction result, because the speed of the pills (rifleφ5.8 mm) is high, and its objective is dark and weak. The objective signals is weak for being the pills of small-arms is small size (φ5.8 mm×12.4mm), and its flight speed is high (projectile velocity≈1300 m/s). These are the main reasons which the CCD-vertical target system is unable to meet the need to capture the dark and weak aims in the natural sky background.In this paper, the pills characteristics of the small-arms, the principle of optical imaging of CCD sensor were analyzed. Based on these, some key technologies of coordinate measuring by using the CCD-vertical target system were deeply studied, such as increasing the SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the objective to background by to introduce the initiative lighting technology and optical filter technology. Some important problems, including the intersection measuring system accuracy, objectives capture rate, high-power laser diode lighting technology, a relatively wide field of view large aperture optical system, optical filter technology, and software design principles, were deeply studied and analyzed in the paper. Under the guidance of theoretical analysis, a coordinate measurement system of 4 m x 4 m CCD-vertical target, which consists the theodolite, linear-array CCD cameras, high-power semiconductor laser systems, image acquisition and processing system, and other components were demonstrated, for using in the automatic measurement of small-arms pill’s touched-target accuracy and touched-target density. The capture rate of this system is greater than 90%, which matched the results of the theoretical analysis.更多还原