【作者】 杨晓磊；

【导师】 李生红；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 项目管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息技术(IT)的快速发展,我国各行各业的大中小企业纷纷以实施IT项目的方式对企业自身进行信息化改造,从而提高企业的效益,加强市场竞争力,因此IT项目已经成为我国经济建设中的一项重要组成部分。由于IT项目的目标具有不精确、渐进性、变化频繁的特点,从而造成IT项目范围变更频繁;成本和进度的压力大;实施效果不佳等多种问题。为了解决IT项目所面临的问题并提高IT项目的实施质量和成功率,有效的IT项目范围管理方法的显得尤为重要。目前在IT项目中,范围规划普遍做的不理想,项目团队对项目可交付成果和项目目标的界定都不够准确,使IT项目的交付物可能并非是项目客户真正需要的产品或服务。针对这一问题,本文以项目管理理论为基础,结合信息收集、运筹学、数据挖掘等相关学科的知识,对IT项目中范围规划方法展开研究。本文首先以项目管理理论框架为基础,介绍了IT项目范围管理过程。并结合IT项目的特点,对目前存在于IT项目范围管理中的问题展开研究。在此基础上,本文提出了面向需求的主动性范围规划(DOISP),并对DOISP的相关概念和主要过程进行了介绍。之后本文对DOISP的信息收集和数据挖掘过程的相关概念和主要过程进行了介绍,并结合数据挖掘和运筹学相关知识的运用,对基于互联网的文本信息收集方法和面向文本信息的数据挖掘方法展开研究,其中包括了对基于不确定型决策模型的聚类数目确定方法和基于密度的聚类中心选择方法的介绍。本文还对DOISP的关键问题分析阶段的相关概念和主要过程进行了介绍,围绕着如何对IT项目关键问题进行有效分析的问题上,本文分别针对如何进行项目关键问题的提取、分解和转化展开研究,并结合运筹学和程序算法学,对基于目标规划的项目关键问题提取方法、基于分治策略的项目关键问题分解方法和基于SDE模型的项目关键问题转化思路进行了介绍。最后,本文对DOISP在电信行业的IT项目中在应用情况进行了介绍,并对DOISP的实际效果进行分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of information technology (IT), the large medium and small enterprises in every field of our country carry out information technology transformation to enhance the efficiency and market competitiveness of themselves through the implementation of IT projects one after another, IT project has become one of the most important components of our country’s economic construction. As the characteristics of IT projects’goals are inaccurate, progressive and changing frequently, the characteristics cause the frequent changes in the scope of IT projects, big pressure on the costs and progress of the project, poor results and many other issues. In order to solve the problems faced by the IT project and improve the quality and the success rate of IT projects, it’s particularly important to find effective IT project scope management methods. In current IT projects, the project scope planning is not very satisfactory, the delivers and goals of projects are not accurate enough so that corporate customers will find that the delivers are not really needed. In response to this problem, this paper will research the scope planning methods of IT projects basing on the project management theory and combining with information-gathering, operations research, data mining and other related knowledges.In this paper, the process of IT project management will be introduced first basing on the framework of project management theory. The problems existing in the IT project scope management will be studied in this paper combining with the characteristics of the IT projects. On this basis, demand-oriented initiative scope planning (DOISP) will be put forward, the related concepts and main courses of DOISP will be introduced, too.Then the related concepts and major processes of information collection and data mining process in DOISP will be introduced in this paper. With the use of data mining, operations research and other related knowledge, internet-based information-gathering method and text-oriented data mining method will be studied in this paper. There will also be the introduction of the clustering number determination method in this paper basing on the model of decision making under uncertainty and the density-based clustering center selection method.The related concepts and main processes of project key issues analysis in DOISP will be introduced in this paper. And how to extract, break down and transform the key issues of IT projects will be researched focusing on how to analysis the key issues of IT projects effectively. Then this paper will introduce the key issues extraction method basing on goal programming, the key issues decomposition method basing on divide and conquer algorithm and the key issues transformation method basing SDE principle combining with the operations research and the program algorithm.In the last of this paper, the application situation of DOISP applicated in IT projects from the telecommunications industry will be introduced, and the actual effect of DOISP will be analysed.更多还原