【作者】 邓海兵；

【导师】 彭熙海；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 习惯是在乡民长期的生活与劳作过程中逐渐形成的,用来分配乡民之间的权利、义务,调整和解决他们之间的利益冲突,并且主要在关系网络中被予以实施的一套地方性行为规范。民事习惯是习惯的一种类型,其指存在于民间的关于物权、债、亲属和继承方面的习惯以及有关纠纷处理的习惯的总和。民事习惯具有私人性、地域差异性、自发性和稳定性等特点。其具有维系社会秩序之功能,它是制定法得以产生的土壤,它能增强制定法的适应性和亲和力,能填补制定法的漏洞,它还具有纠正制定法的功能。造成民事习惯与制定法相冲突的原因是多方面的,既有思想和经济方面的原因,也有制定法的救济成本过高和执法不力方面的原因。究其实质,二者之间的冲突实乃特殊正义与普遍正义之间的冲突、传统法律文化与现代法律文化之间的冲突、外来规则与本土规则之间的冲突、民间权力与国家意志之间的冲突。二者之间的冲突可能会导致多种结果:其可能会导致民事习惯被改造或转化、使国家制定法进退失据、使国家制定法被人为规避、使民事习惯和制定法的处理被重复使用。漠视民事习惯的做法实不可取,应努力使二者之间的冲突得以化解。以我国法治现状观之,欲将民事习惯与制定法的冲突调适妥当,应从立法、行政和司法三个方面入手:其一,立法层面要注重以本国习惯为基础进行法律移植,应确立民事习惯的民法渊源地位,应制定良好的法律并积极完善立法,还应当赋予法官必要的自由裁量权;其二,行政层面要加大法律教育和宣传的投入,要加快经济建设步伐,要努力打破城乡二元结构;其三,从司法层面来看,应当确定民事习惯发生作用的司法机制,在现阶段,民事裁判应视具体情况对民事习惯作出灵活的处理,应充分重视司法调解的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Custom are those local rules, they are gradually formed from the long-term work of the villagers, used to distribute the rights and obligations between them, adjust and solve the interest conflicts between them, and mainly be implemented in a network of relationship. The civil custom is a kind of custom, it is the custom about of property, claims,relatives and inheritance, include the custom of the dispute deal. Civil custom have those characteristics such as privacy, geographical diversity, spontaneity and stability. Civil custom has a very important meaning to statute. It has a very important function to maintain social order, it is the soil of the statute, it can increase the adaptability and the affinity of the civil law, it can fill the loopholes of the statute, it can correct the statute also.The cause of the conflict between the civil custom and statue is manifold: such as mentality, economy, and the high cost of the statute relief or the small radius of the rule of law. If we try to identify the essence of the conflict, we can find the essence is the conflict between special justice and the universal justice, is the conflict between traditional legal culture and the modern legal culture, is the conflict between the external rules and the local rules, is the conflict between local power and the will of the state. The confliction between them could cause several aftermaths, it could make the civil custom changed, it could make statute lost, it could make the statute be evaded, it could make the civil custom and the statute be used repeatedly.We must take civil custom seriously, we must accommodate the confliction of the custom and the statute from three aspects: legislation, administration and judicatory. Firstly, on the legislative aspect, we must transplant based on the local custom, we must established civil custom as the origin of the statute, we must improve the legislation, and we muse give the necessary discretionary power to the judges. Secondly, on the administrative aspect, we should increase the input of the legal education and advocacy, we should accelerate the pace of economic construction, we must strive to break the urban-rural dual structure. Thirdly, on the civil trial,we muse establish the mechanism of the civil custum on civil trial, and it should be different from case to case, specific treatment of specific issues, and we must emphasis the function of the judicial mediation.更多还原