【作者】 高星；

【导师】 张治国；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 光学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 大气污染已经成为制约国家经济发展的重要问题,我国的空气污染类型以煤烟型为主,燃煤产生的污染气体排入空气给自然环境及人类的生活带来严重的危害。国家环境保护总局已经明确规定了各种污染物的排放标准,其中,二氧化硫和氮氧化物是重点控制对象。污染气体的浓度监测是实施污染排放总量控制政策的必要前提。本文以二氧化硫和一氧化氮气体为研究对象,理论和实验研究了二氧化硫和一氧化氮气体浓度的测量方法和技术。理论上,以Beer-Lambert定律和一氧化氮及二氧化硫气体的吸收光谱为基础,对气体浓度测量进行了理论分析,给出了二氧化硫气体浓度与光谱参量间的解析关系式;由于二氧化硫在220-235nm波段有特征吸收,因此提出了克服二氧化硫影响的一氧化氮气体的测量路线,并给出了消二氧化硫影响的一氧化氮气体浓度与光谱参量间的解析式;并就理论结果,分析确定了对上述气体测量的影响因素。实验上,用氘灯作光源,用HR2000+高分辨光栅光谱仪作接收装置,通过二氧化硫吸收光谱分析,及标准二氧化硫气体的定标实验,建立了气体浓度与光谱参量间的关系;通过软件开发,实现了对气体浓度的自动监测;通过变温二氧化硫气体光谱分析,实现了对气体浓度测量的温度修正;对浓度为96.5ppm的二氧化硫气体进行了长时间的测量,重复误差为1.58%。开展了一氧化氮气体浓度测量的研究。本文采用浓度反演法排除了二氧化硫对一氧化氮的影响;并用标准浓度的一氧化氮气体标定了测量系统,建立了气体浓度与光谱参量间的关系;通过软件开发,实现了一氧化氮气体浓度的自动监测;对标准浓度的一氧化氮气体及一氧化氮和二氧化硫混合气体进行了长时间的监测,测量重复性较好。本项监测技术适用于燃煤电站排放尾气的监测,该技术数据处理方法简捷,不受外界环境干扰,以该技术为核心的监测仪器成本低廉且易操作、易维护。通过进一步的技术改进,本套装置还可以测量更多种类气体的浓度,具有很大的开发价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Air pollution has become an important factor affecting the development of state-owned enterprises. Coal is primary sources of contamination in China. Pollution from coal-fired gas makes the natural environment and human life in serious danger. State Environmental Protection Administration has clearly provided a variety of pollutants emission standards, and the SO2 and NO are key control targets. Pollution monitoring is the necessary precondition to pollution emissions control policies. In this paper, the main content is study SO2 and NO gas concentration measurement methods and techniques in Theory and experiment.Theoretical analyzed the Method of measuring the concentration of gas based on Beer-Lambert law and NO and SO2 absorption spectrometry, and gave the relationship between concentration of SO2 gas and spectral parameters. Overcame the method of eliminating the influence caused by SO2 as SO2 have characteristic absorption in the 220-235 nm wave band, and give the Analytic about NO gas concentrations and spectral parameters, and analyzed impact factors of the gas measuring.Deuterium lamp is light in the experiment, and selected HR2000+ spectrograph as a receiving device. I established the relationship between gas concentration and spectral parameters by analyzing SO2 gas absorption spectrometry. Calibrated the measurement system by using standard SO2 gas, and implemented the automatic monitoring of gas concentrations. Through analyzing SO2 gas spectrometry as changed temperature, implemented the temperature amendment to gas concentration measurement. Having measured the 96.5ppm standard concentration of SO2 gas for a long time, measurement results showed that the error is 1.58%.I launched the study of a nitric oxide gas concentration measurement. In this paper, I inversed the influences of SO2 to NO by the concentration of SO2, and calibrated the measurement system by using standard NO gas. Established the relationship between gas concentration and spectral parameters, and implemented the automatic monitoring of NO concentrations. Having measured the standard concentration of NO gas and the mixtrue of SO2 and NO gas for a long time, the measurement error. is allowable.This monitoring technology applied to the pollution measurement of coal-fired power plant and factories emissions. The technology can not be interfered by external environment because of having a simple method of data processing. The monitoring equipment is low-cost and easy to operate and maintain. This set of devices can also measure the concentration of more types of gas through further technical improvements, so the development has great value.更多还原