【作者】 王军萍；

【导师】 颜红波；

【作者基本信息】 青海大学 ， 草业科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 为确定在燕麦生产中合理的施肥量,以青引1号为供试材料,研究了氮磷肥和氮钾肥对燕麦生物学性状、产草量和品质的影响,结果表明:1.氮磷配施对燕麦主要性状有显著影响(P<0.05)。氮肥对各生育期的株高、叶面积、茎叶比和鲜干比的影响差异显著(P<0.05),对完熟期茎粗、有效分蘖、穗粒数、穗长、单株穗粒重和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05);磷肥对穗粒数、穗粒重具有显著效应(P<0.05),对茎粗、穗长、千粒重和有效分蘖的影响不显著(P>0.05)。除茎粗在N100P105时最高外,有效分蘖、穗粒数、穗长、单株穗粒重和千粒重均在N75P105处理下最高。在N75P105和N100P145时,燕麦种子和秸草产量最高,分别为6307kg/hm2和20840kg/hm2。种子产量与穗长、穗数、千粒重、单株粒重和穗粒数间均呈极显著或显著正相关关系(P<0.01或P<0.05),秸杆产量与株高、叶面积、有效分蘖和茎粗呈极显著或显著相关关系(P<<0.01或P<0.05)。NP配施对燕麦品质中粗蛋白、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量的影响差异显著(P<0.05),而不影响粗灰分含量。2.氮钾配施对燕麦主要性状有显著影响(P<0.05),氮肥对各生育期的株高、叶面积、茎叶比和鲜干比的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。氮钾配施均可提高燕麦茎粗、小穗数、穗长、单株穗粒重、千粒重、和有效分蘖数,增加其牧草和籽实产量。在N75K105时,燕麦各生产性能指标均达较高值,有效分蘖数2.50蘖/株、穗粒数38.80粒、穗长20.63cm、穗粒重2.86g和千粒重34.55g,种子产量最高达6778kg/hm2。在N100K135处理水平下,茎粗最高,为0.501cm,秸杆产量最高,为21357kg/hm2。种子产量与株高、穗长、穗数、千粒重、单株粒重和穗粒数间均呈极显著或显著正相关关系(P<0.01或P<0.05),秸杆产量与株高、叶面积、有效分蘖和茎粗呈极显著或显著相关关系(P<0.01或P<0.05)。燕麦籽粒中粗蛋白、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量随着NK量的不同有规律性的变化,而粗灰分含量则不发生变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biological features, yield and quality of Avena.sativa L. cv. Qingyin No.1 were measured and observed under the different NP and NK fertilizer application amount to determine a reasonable fertilizer application amount in oat production. The results are as follows:1. The combination of N and P fertilizer affected the biological characteristics of oat significantly (P<0.05). N had a significantly effect on plant height, leaf area, stem/leaf ratio and Fresh weight /Dry weight(FW/DW) ratio in each growth period of oat (P<0.05). N affected the thickness of stem, kernel number per plant , spike length, kernel weight per plant, reproductive tillers and 1000-seed-weight(P<0.05). P had a significantly effect on kernel number per plant and kernel weight per plant (P<0.05). All the indices reached the highest under the N75P105 treatment, except thickness of stem under the N100P105 treatment. The seed yield and stalk yield were 6307kg/hm2 and 20840kg/hm2 in N75P105 and N100P145 treatment, respectively. A positive correlation relationship was exhibited between seed yield and kernel number per plant , spike length, kernel weight per plant, reproductive tillers,1000-seed-weight (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and a positive correlation relationship was exhibited between stalk yield and plant heigh, leaf areas, thickness of stem, effective tillers (P<0.01 or P<0.05). NP combination had a significantly effect on crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract.2. The combination of N and K fertilizer affected the biological characteristics of oat significantly (P<0.05).N had a significantly effect on plant height, leaf area ,stem/leaf ratio and fresh weight /dry weight(FW/DW) ratio in each growth period duration of oat (P<0.05). The different N and K levels could significantly increase the growth indices of oat, and 2.50 reproductive tillers per plant, 38.80 kernels per spike, 20.63cm in spike length, 2.86g in spike weight, 34.55 g in 1000-seed-weight, and 6778 kg/hm2 in seed yield, respectively. The stalk yield and width of stem was highest at the level of N100K135, being 21357 kg/hm2 and 0.501cm. A positive correlation relationship was existed between seed yield and plant heigh, No. of kernel per plant , spike length, kernel weight per plant,effective tillers and 1000-seed-weight (P<0.01 or P<0.05). A positive correlation relationship was existed between stalk yield and plant heigh,leaf areas,width of stem, reproductive tillers (P<0.01 or P<0.05).The crude protein, nitrogen free extract ,crude fat and crude fiber content in oat seeds changed regularly with different amount of fertilizer application.更多还原