【作者】 葛华；

【导师】 刘继文；

【作者基本信息】 新疆医科大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:通过对视屏显示终端(VDT)作业进行AET分析,寻找出该项作业工作中存在的主要职业紧张因素,同时分析VDT作业人员不同个体、群体的职业紧张反应,并提出相应的、有针对性的干预措施,以达到降低其职业紧张,增强工作能力的目的。方法:采用AET分析,寻找出VDT作业人员的职业紧张因素;再通过分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取银行职员、话务员、公务员及其他VDT作业人员1100人进行问卷调查,了解VDT作业人员的紧张水平及对工作能力的影响。结果:1本次问卷调查回收率达91.55%;2 AET分析,当分界值在20~21之间,8个工种最终形成了2个聚类组。建筑设计工程技术人员、数字视频策划制作师、银行清算员、其他银行业务人员为第一类,话务员、银行储蓄员、教师与公务员为第二类;3不同性别VDT作业人员职业紧张比较,工作紧张指数、工作压力指数、组织支持缺乏强度与组织支持缺乏频度存在统计学差异;不同工龄VDT作业人员职业紧张比较中,工作紧张指数、工作紧张频度、工作压力指数、组织缺乏指数以及组织缺乏频度中有统计学差异;女性VDT作业人员的颈肩部与腰背部损伤检出率均高于男性,且腰背部损伤有统计学差异;在不同工龄中,工龄≥5年的骨骼肌肉损伤检出率要高于<5年工龄腰背部损伤的检出率,且颈肩部损伤存在统计学差异;不同紧张水平组间社会支持的比较中,支持总分与对支持的利用度有统计学差异;在不同的紧张水平组肌肉骨骼损伤检出率的比较中无明显统计学差异;4不同工龄之间的工作能力指数存在统计学差异;在三个不同职业紧张水平组的工作能力状况比较具有统计学差异,两两比较也具有统计学差异;在不同的工作能力水平的VDT作业人员骨骼肌肉损伤情况的比较中,三个水平的工作能力间均存在统计学差异。5复杂性、变化性与工作能力成负相关,而任务控制、参与、时间控制及合作的紧密性与工作能力成正相关;支持总分、主观支持与对支持的利用度与工作能力指数成正相关;颈肩部与腰背部肌肉骨骼损伤与工作能力成负相关;工龄、颈肩部肌肉损伤、腰背部肌肉损伤、工作紧张指数、工作压力指数及组织支持缺乏指数,综合影响工作能力。结论: AET分析后8个工种最终形成了2个聚类组,分别有27和28个紧张因素,两类工作职业紧张因素均以大于最大评分值80%为主。ISTA分析中,合作的可能性、任务危险性、复杂性、交流的可能性、变化性等因素对作业者产生职业紧张的影响较大。女性的紧张程度较男性高,工龄较短的VDT作业者紧张程度较高,女性的骨骼肌肉损伤检出率高于男性,工龄较长的骨骼肌肉损伤检出率较高;紧张程度越高其工作能力越低;且工作能力低的VDT作业者骨骼肌肉损伤检出率较高;复杂性、变化性与工作能力成负相关,而任务控制、参与、时间控制及合作的紧密性与工作能力成正相关;社会支持与工作能力指数成正相关;骨骼肌肉损伤与工作能力成负相关;工龄、颈肩部肌肉损伤、腰背部肌肉损伤、工作紧张指数、工作压力指数及组织支持缺乏指数,综合影响工作能力的因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Using AET analysis on Video Display Terminal (VDT) operations, finding that exist in the operation of the main occupational stress factors, while analysis of VDT workers in different individuals, groups of occupational stress response, and appropriate, targeted interventions in order to achieve to reduce their occupational stress, the purpose of enhancing the ability to work. Methods: Uses the AET analysis to find a VDT operator of occupational stress factors, and then through stratified cluster random sampling method, taking bank employees, agents, civil servants and other VDT workers conducted a questionnaire survey on 1,100 people, VDT operators understand the level of tension and the impact on the ability to work.. Results: 1 This questionnaire survey returns-ratio reaches 91.55%. 2 AET analysis value when the boundaries between 20 and 21, eight types of work resulted in two cluster groups. Architectural design engineering staff, planning the production of digital video division, bank liquidation, and other banking business for the first category, operator, the operator and bank saving, teachers and civil servants for the second category; 3 VDT workers of different gender comparison of occupational stress, work stress index, stress index, a lack of organizational support and organizational strength to support the existence of a lack of statistical difference frequency; different VDT workers seniority comparison of occupational stress, work stress index, the frequency of job strain Working pressure index, index, as well as lack of organization in the absence of the frequency difference; female VDT operators with the back of the neck and shoulder injuries the Department detection rate were higher than men, and back injuries have a significant difference; in different length of service, the service≥5 years of skeletal muscle damage is higher than the detection rate <5 years of service back in the detection rate of injury, neck and shoulder injuries and the existence of significant difference; different levels of tension between the social support group for comparison, Total support and the availability of support there is significant difference; the tension level in different groups of musculoskeletal injury in the comparison of detection rate had no significant statistical difference; 4 Length of service between different work ability index of the existence of significant difference; in three different levels of occupational stress group compared with the situation of the working abilities of statistical differences, the pair wise comparisons have statistics difference too; the ability to work at different levels of VDT operators musculoskeletal injuries of comparison, there are significant difference among the ability to work three levels; 5 The complexity, mobility and working ability become the inverse correlation, but the task control, participation, the timing control and cooperation compactness and working ability become just related; The support total score and subjective support with become to the support exploitability and working ability index just related; The neck shoulder and waist back myo- meat skeleton damage and working ability become the inverse correlation; The job seniority and service, neck and shoulder muscle injury, back muscle injury, the work tense index and working pressure index and organization support to lack the index, the combined effect of the ability to work. Conclusion: AET analysis of eight types of work resulted in two cluster groups, respectively 27 and 28 stress factors, two types of occupational stress factors of work are greater than the maximum score value of 80% of the main. ISTA analysis, the possibility of cooperation, the task of dangerous nature, complexity, and the exchange of the possibility of such factors as changes in the operator of occupational stress have a greater impact. Feminine tense degree compares the male to be high, the job seniority short VDT work tense degree is high, feminine skeleton muscle damage detection rate is higher than the male, the job seniority long skeleton muscle damage detection rate is high; The tense degree is higher its working ability to be lower; And the working ability low VDT work skeleton muscle damage detection rate is high complexity of change and the ability to work as a negative correlation, and mission control, participation, time control and co-operation and the ability to work closely positively correlated; social support and work ability index was positively correlated; skeletal muscle injury and the ability to work as a negative correlation; service, neck and shoulder muscle injury, back muscle injury, job strain index, stress index and the lack of organizations to support the index, the combined effects of factor in the ability to work.更多还原