【作者】 刘强；

【导师】 程民选；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 物流被称为企业降低物资消耗和提高生产率之外的“第三利润源”,在经济增长和社会发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。而且物流成为近年来在我国取得快速发展的一个新兴产业,成为中国经济发展的一个重要产业和新的经济增长点。作为我国物流产业发展最好的上海,中央已将其定位于建设成国际经济中心、金融中心、贸易中心及国际航运中心。而且为促进上海经济的发展,增强城市综合竞争力,上海市政府将现代物流业作为上海“十五”新兴支柱产业之一着力培育和发展。近年来,上海凭借其优越的地理位置、强大的经济优势、宽松的政策环境,社会经济得到了迅速发展,物流业也已形成了颇具特色的自身优势。但是上海物流业发展的时间相对较短,现有的管理制度和法规不太适应现代物流的发展需求。而且缺乏区域性发展规划,在信息化和人才培养上都与物流业发展良好的香港存在一定的差距。因此通过对上海和香港的物流业发展现状和发展历程进行比较,对上海物流业的发展有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文选取上海与香港为研究对象,就如何借鉴香港的经验发展上海现代物流做一专门研究,希望能够通过上海和香港现代物流的比较发现上海现代物流业发展中存在的不足,提出相应的对策建议,能对上海现代物流业的发展作一点贡献。本文分六个部分。绪论部分主要介绍了本文的研究意义、相关文献综述及研究的基本方法。就目前的状况而言,上海现代物流发展这一问题,国内外研究人员从不同的角度进行了研究。最常见的就是,通过分析上海作为物流产业中心的优势和劣势,提出一些相关的建议和策略。在这种研究方式中,只是根据上海自身所处的环境和情况做出的决策,基本没有把上海同其他一些物流业发达的地区进行一些相应的比较。还有一些学者,在研究上海物流的同时,也把香港列入了研究范畴,但是他们的侧重点是在上海和香港物流业的相互合作,共同发展,也很少涉及上海和香港物流现状和历程的比较问题。虽然国内外学者对上海物流的发展问题已有了不少的研究成果,但目前还少有文献从上海和香港物流发展现状和历程的比较入手来阐述上海现代物流的发展之路。第二部分着重阐述了现代物流的相关基本理论,包括物流的产生与发展、传统物流和现代物流的联系与区别、现代物流在国民经济中的地位与其作用。物流通过合理、统筹规划建设各物流节点,通过跨区域物流基础设施的完善,一方面可以提高社会物质资料的流通效率,降低流通成本,有利于最大限度地降低和消除全社会的无效劳动,使得社会总成本最小;另一方面可使原来消耗在无效劳动和低层次流通环节的资金转移出来,从而减少机会成本,创造更多的社会利润。有数据显示,发达国家的物流成本一般占GDP的10%左右,而中国的物流成本在15%—30%之间,可见,若能在物流合理化方面进行改进,使物流费用总消耗降低一个百分点,对社会经济的贡献也是巨大的。发达国家的经验表明,现代物流业在国民经济中具有十分重要的地位。第三部分分析了香港现代物流业发展状况,包括香港特别行政区概况、香港物流业的发展历程、香港现代物流发展现状、香港地方政府为促进现代物流业的发展采取的措施四个方面。香港现代物流发展现状主要是从物流基础设施建设状况、运输业发展的整体状况、物流企业和第三方物流发展状况、物流业的信息科技发展及运营状况和物流人才现状几个方面来进行阐述。总体来说香港地区现代物流发展情况十分良好,物流业已经成为香港的支柱产业之一。可以说,物流业的兴衰,在相当程度上关系到香港经济长远发展的潜力,关系到香港经济在全球经济分工中的定位,关系到香港成为未来国际大都会的基础。第四部分也是从四个方面分析了上海现代物流业发展状况。上海作为我国最大的经济中心城市,有不少发展现代物流业的有利条件,包括独特的区位优势、相关政策支持、快速的经济发展等,正是这些有利条件的存在才造就了上海现代物流业的快速发展。经过多年的发展,以上海为中心,沟通国内外的航运、港口、航空、铁路、公路等多种运输方式相结合,便利快捷的立体化交通运输网络已经基本形成。这为进一步改善上海投资环境、扩大对外开放、增强城市综合功能、发展现代物流产业创造了有利条件。但就整体而言,特别是在一些软件上,上海现代物流的发展与发达国家相比仍有一定差距,需要进一步完善。此外,上海国际物流业发展中还存在信息化不高、行业管理有待规范、行业立法不够完善、区域性发展规划缺乏、专业人才缺乏等问题。第五部分主要针对上海和香港有关现代物流的区域概况、物流发展历程、物流发展现状、物流人才、政府措施等多个方面进行比较。发现其中的差异之处,分析原因,以期对上海市发展现代物流提供有益的借鉴。在物流基础设施方面,上海在硬件设施上已具备足够的竞争优势,但在许多软件方面还有待完善。在三方物流方面,上海大多数物流企业只能提供单项或分段的物流服务,物流功能主要停留在储存、运输和城市配送上。而香港具有集团背景的大型企业除了这些基本的物流业务外,还提供相关的装配、质量控制、测试等增值服务,涉及整个供应链的物流服务。在物流信息化方面,上海和香港都重视物流信息平台的建设,都推出了各自的物流信息平台。由于特区政府的重视和更长时间的磨合,香港的数码贸易运输网络系统相对上海的EDI信息平台具有更高的效率。在物流人才方面,尽管上海有关物流学历教育的规模和层次远远超过香港,但总的说来上海与香港物流产业及其人才相比仍有较大的差距。这主要体现在质量上的不足以及物流知识和技能与实践脱节等方面。第六部分承接第五部分的比较分析,提出了上海发展现代物流的对策建议。本文认为有必要借鉴香港发展现代物流产业过程中积累的先进经验,从我国实际情况出发,积极寻找适合上海现代物流产业特点的运作体系,推动上海现代物流业的发展。对策主要包括:加快上海现代物流基础设施的规划和建设、加快物流信息系统的建设、加快物流人才培养、大力发展第三方物流、加强政府对上海现代物流业的宏观协调与支持力度、实施有利于发展现代物流的财政税收相关政策等几个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, modern logistics, which is regarded as the third source of profit besides materials consuming decrease and productivity increase, has been playing more and more vital role in our country’s economy growth and the society development. Further more it has been becoming a new and booming industry in china and a new increasing point of Chinese economy.Shanghai city is international metropolis and one of the international economy, finance, trade and shipping centers of China, logistics industry of which developing more perfectly than other cities’in China. For accelerate economic development and increase competitions, the government of shanghai take modern logistics industry as one of new industries in "the Tenth Five Plan of Shanghai". Recently, Shanghai’s economy is developing rapidly and the local logistics industry has formed its own advantages by its favorable location, strong economic advantages and loose policy environment. However, as Shanghai’s logistics industry has a short history, and the current management system and law are not suitable for its needs. Besides it also lacks of area development planning. Thereafter, it is meaningful and realistic to comparing the development status and its history.This thesis chooses Shanghai and Hong Kong as its objects, and makes a deep study on how to learn from Hong Kong’s experience in order to find the shortages by comparing the modern logistics of Shanghai and Hong Kong, and give some suggestions which could make some contributions to the development of Shanghai’s logistics industry.The paper includes six parts. The prolegomenon mainly introduces the meaning and purpose of this study. Generally speaking, scholars have studied from different angle on Shanghai’s logistics industry. Although they have got some studying fruit, there are few studies that concentrate on development of Shanghai’s logistics industry by comparing the status and course of Shanghai and Hong Kong.The second part mainly states basic theories of modern logistics, including the emergency and development of the logistics, the relations and differences between traditional and modern logistics industry, and the status and functions of the modern logistics industry in the nation’s economy. By establishing proper logistics nodes and perfecting the regional infrastructure, it can improve the circulating efficiency of our social substances and decrease the circulating cost which will help to reduce and eliminate labor in vain and minimize the social cost. At the same time, it can reduce the opportunity cost and create more social profit.The third part analyzes the develop status of Hong Kong’s modern logistics industry, including the general situation, the develop course, the status in quo of Hong Kong and the measures that the local government take to accelerate the development of modern logistics industry. Generally speaking, logistics industry has become one of the supporting industries. In some extent, the prosperity of logistics industry will surely affect the long-term potential of Hong Kong’s economy, the orientation of Hong Kong’s economy in the world, and also the base for Hong Kong to become an international metropolis.The forth part analyzes the current status of Shanghai’s modern logistics industry. As the strongest city in China, Shanghai has its own advantages, including its unique location advantage, policy supporting and fast economic development, which make Shanghai’s modern logistics industry develop so quickly. However, it still has a big gap with developed countries on the soft environment. And there are also lots of problems in Shanghai’s logistics industry, such as the low-level of communication, the deficiency of the legislation, and the lack of regional developing plan and professionals in this industry.The fifth part mainly compares the differences between Shanghai and Hong Kong from such aspects as the regional distribution, develop course, status in quo, competent labor, and government measure, etc. We try to find these differences and look for the reasons in order to provide references for Shanghai’s modern logistics industry.The sixth part gives some countermeasures for the development of Shanghai’s modern logistics industry. We think it is necessary to learn from the experiences during the develop course of Hong Kong’s modern logistics, and look for a proper operation system for Shanghai Which will promote Shanghai’s development. These countermeasures are as follows: Accelerating the plan of infrastructure facilities for modern logistics industry, quickening the construction of information system and cultivation relative professionals, developing third party logistics, strengthening government’s macroscopic control, and implement the financial and tax policy in favor of the development of modern logistics industry.更多还原