【作者】 陈芳；

【导师】 周晓明；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 先锋文学代表作家余华在90年代以后的创作开始以深深的悲悯情怀去深切地关注现实生活中普通大众的生存困境,寻找着救赎苦难的方式;并对小说的叙事内容、叙事主题、叙事背景、叙事结构、叙事视角、叙事修辞等进行了一系列卓有成效的探索,形成了独具个性特色的叙事。在由先锋写作向现代写实转型的过程中,余华对世界的理解发生了很大的变化,并力求摆脱外来影响,追求创作上的独立,由此而成功完成了创作上的转型,取得了很大成就。然而在市场经济迅速发展的90年代,由于外在世俗经济利益和世俗思想文化的诱惑,以及内在世俗生活的影响,文学艺术本身也开始出现俗化倾向,余华在创作中自觉不自觉地走向了迎合普通大众的审美需求,由此而带来其小说在叙事上存在着一定的局限性。本论文拟对余华小说的叙事特点,以及转型后其小说在叙事上存在的局限性进行分析,从叙事学的角度对余华小说的叙事进行研究。首先通过对余华90年代以来几部长篇小说的考察分析,在细读文本的基础上,发现余华小说的叙事特点存在着一致性,即叙事内容重复化、叙事主题深入化、叙事背景简略化、叙事结构单纯化、叙事视角转变化、叙事修辞多样化;其次结合上世纪90年代以来,在市场经济大背景下文学艺术走向俗化的倾向和余华对世界理解的变化及力求摆脱外来影响、努力追求独立的创作精神,分析余华写作中局限性的根源所在,在此基础上对余华小说在叙事上的局限性进行归纳分析。先锋是一个不断发展和不断替换的过程,一旦他们的创新形式和内容被大众普遍接受,他们就失去了先锋的意义。作为先锋文学代表作家之一的余华从1983年发表作品开始,就不断地去开拓属于自己的文学天地,构筑自己独有的艺术世界。在不断“创新”过程中,由于认识上的不足,似乎陷入早期小说叙事困境和迷茫之中。然而余华依然是我们最好的小说家之一,他一定会从封闭着他的文学神话中走出来,重新出门远行,获得新的自由。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a representative of vanguard literature, Yu-Hua began to pay attention to common people’s living predicament in the real life with a sympathy mood in 1990s, to look for the ways of rescuing the sad, and made some successful exploitations in novels’ narrative content, subject, background, structure, perspective, figures of speech, having formed narrative method of individual characteristics. In the process of changing from vanguard writing to modern realistic narration, Yu-Hua has made a great change in his understanding of the world and managed to free the external influence and strive for the independence in creation so as to have achieved the great transformation with significant achievements. However, in the 1990s when market economy fast developed, influenced by external worldly economic interest and ethical culture and internal worldly life, literature and art showed worldly tendency, so Yu-Hua both consciously and unconsciously catered to the aesthetic requirements of the common people in his creation, which led to some certain limitation in his novels’ narration.This paper will make an analysis on Yu-Hua’s novels’ narrative characteristics, the existed limitations after the transformation period and then make a research on his novels’ narration. At first, through the analysis of Yu-Hua’s several long novels since 1990s and on the base of careful reading of the texts, the author has found out that there is a consistency in the narrative characteristics, that is, repetition of narrative content, deepening of narrative subject, simplification of narrative background, purification of narrative structure, change of narrative perspective and diversity of figures of speech; next, through combining literature and art’s worldly tendency in the big background of market economy, the change of Yu-Hua’s understanding of the world and the creative spirit to free external influence and strive for independence, the author has analyzed the root for Yu-Hua’s limitation in writing; in the end, the author has made a conclusive analysis of Yu-Hua’s Novels’ limitation in narration.Vanguard id a process of continual development and change, once the new creative mode and content has been accepted by the people, there is no sense of vanguard. As one representative of vanguard literature, Yu-Hua has, from his first novel in 1983, continually opened up his own literature field and established his own literature world. In the process of continual creation, for the shortcoming in understanding, Yu-Hua seemed to be lost into the predicament and loss of early novels’ narration. As one of the outstanding vanguard writers, Yu-Hua must be able to go out the literature myth that limits him and obtain new freedom.更多还原