【作者】 王芊芊；

【导师】 吴法清； 王剑伟；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 动物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 赤水河是长江上游右岸较大的一级支流,干流全长436.5千米。赤水河被誉为美酒河、英雄河、美景河,同时它也是一条生态河,是长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分。本文对赤水河鱼类早期资源进行了调查研究,旨在获取赤水河鱼类繁殖的种类、繁殖期、繁殖规模、产卵场位置等基础资料,为保护区的管理、科研以及相关保护措施的实施提供依据。主要研究结果如下:1.通过为期4个月的调查,共采集到鱼卵10293粒,其中9933粒鉴定出种类共12种;仔稚鱼676尾,确定种类的有467尾共18种;幼鱼57尾共11种。共监测到鱼类繁殖种类28种。其中银鮈Squalidus argentatus(Sauvage et Dabry),犁头鳅Lepturichthys fimbriata(Günther),中华金沙鳅Jinshaia sinensis(Sauvage et Dabry),紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniops(Sauvage),花斑副沙鳅Parabotia fasciata Dabry,中华沙鳅Botia superciliaris Günther和赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus(Rich.)等7种是产漂流性卵的鱼类。2.对四川华吸鳅Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis szechuanensis Fang、犁头鳅Lepturichthys fimbriata、中华金沙鳅Jinshaia sinensis和银鮈Squalidus argentatus四种鱼类的繁殖条件、产卵场位置及产卵规模进行研究,结果表明:银鮈的繁殖时间最长,为4月至7月,其中以5月下旬至7月中旬为繁殖盛期;四川华吸鳅的繁殖时间为5月下旬至7月下旬;犁头鳅和中华金沙鳅的繁殖时间为6月至7月。银鮈的产卵场分布在瓦窑滩上游3km处至120km的二郎镇新联村,其中九支镇至大同镇水竹林近5km的范围内是规模最大的产卵场;犁头鳅和中华金沙鳅的产卵场分布在九支镇百鱼壕至二郎滩渡口共99km的江段,有两个规模较大的产卵场,分别在复兴镇和元厚镇至土城镇。银鮈的繁殖规模最大,繁殖量为2亿粒;犁头鳅和中华金沙鳅的繁殖量为5270万粒。3.利用采集到的鱼卵及仔鱼,对半(?)Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski、鲫Carassius auratus(Linnaeus)、蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker、花(?)Hemibarbusmaculatus Bleeker、紫薄鳅Leptobotia taeniops(Sauvage)、四川华吸鳅Sinogastromyzonszechuanensis szechuanensis、犁头鳅Lepturichthys fimbriata和银鮈Squalidusargentatus的早期发育进行了观察,对重要发育期的特征进行了描述,并拍摄照片;比较了不同种类的早期发育特征。4.以银鮈仔鱼为材料,进行了仔鱼摄食及耐饥饿能力实验。结果表明,银鮈仔鱼耐饥饿能力较差。银鮈仔鱼在日龄3d时就开口,投喂适口饵料非常重要,初开口仔鱼最适饵料为豆浆。日龄7—9d未摄食仔鱼会出现生长缓慢甚至负增长,日龄11—12d达到不可逆点(PNR),日龄13d时死亡率即高达100%。5.根据描述性状、可数性状和可量性状分别编制了鱼卵和仔稚鱼检索表。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chishui River, whose mainstream lasts 436.5km, is one of the largest tributaries on the right bank of the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River. It’s well known as "Chinese famous liquors’ River", "Hero River", "Beauty River" and also it is an "Eco-River", a very important part in the National Nature Reserve of the rare and endemic fishes in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River. Fish resources of early life history stages in Chishui River was investigated in 2007, aiming to know fish species spawning in Chishui River, so as to obtain fundamental data of their breeding seasons, spawning grounds and spawning quantities. Further more, it can provide basis for the management of Reserve, scientific research and the implementation of related protection measures. The key points of the present study are as follows:1. During 4 months investigation, a total of 10293 eggs, 676 larvae and 57 juveniles were collected, in which 12 species were identified from 9933 eggs, 18 species from 467 larvae and 11 species from 57 juveniles respectively. As a result, 28 species were recognized in all specimens. Seven drifting-egg spawners were found in Chishui River, i.e. Squalidus argentatus, Lepturichthys fimbriata, Jinshaia sinensis, Leptobotia taeniops, Parabotia fasciata, Botia superciliaris and Squaliobarbus curriculus.2. The reproductive conditions, spawning grounds and spawning scale of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis szechuanensis, Lepturichthys fimbriata, Jinshaia sinensis and Squalidus argentatus were studied. The reproductive period of Squalidus argentatus is from April to July, of which the flourishing period is from the late of May to the mid of July. Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis szechuanensis’s reproductive period is from late May to late July. The reproductive period of Lepturichthys fimbriata and Jinshaia sinensis is from June to July. The spawning ground of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis szechuanensis located in a 117km reach between Wayaotan and Xinlian village. The main spawning ground is from Jiuzhi town to Datong town, which is almost 5km long. The spawning grounds of Jinshaia sinensis and Squalidus argentatuso located in a 99km section, starting from the baiyuhao of Jiuzhi town to the ferry of Erlangtan. There are two larger scale of spawning grounds, the river near Fuxing town and the reach between Yuanhou town and Tucheng town. Among all fishes investigated, Squalidus argentatuso was of the greatest spawning quantities, which reached to 200 million. Lepturichthys fimbriata and Jinshaia sinensis can reproduce 52.7 million eggs in a spawning season.3. Early stage development of Hemiculterella sauvagei, Carassius auratus, Saurogobio dabryi, Hemibarbus maculatus, Leptobotia taeniops, Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis szechuanensis, Lepturichthys fimbriata and Squalidus argentatus were observed. Characteristics of crucial development stages were described, photographed and discussed.4. Observation on feeding ability and starvation tolerance of Squalidus argentatus larvae revealed that the larvae had poor starvation tolerance. Larvae began to feed on the third day. It was important to feed appropriate food in time. The soybean milk was proved to be the best forage. Starved larvae grew slowly, and negative growth was observed on the 7^th-9^th day. The point-of-no-return was 11-12 day. All unfed larvae died before the 13^th day.5. Identification Keys of the eggs, larvae and juveniles in Chishui River were compilated respectively according to the describable, countable and measurable characters.更多还原