【作者】 赵慧星；

【导师】 鲁剑巍； 王富华；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 植物营养， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过“施肥—种草—养鱼”体系研究了施肥对苏丹草及草鱼生长、产量和品质的影响。主要结论如下：（1） NPK处理显著提高苏丹草初生茎的生长速度，增加苏丹草的株高、表观叶面积、叶片数、单株重；施肥对苏丹草茎的增重比对叶的增重作用明显。（2） NPK处理显著提高苏丹草的鲜草、干草产量；N对苏丹草产量的贡献最大，其次是K；K的增产效果主要表现在后期。（3） K肥施用提高苏丹草的水分含量。NPK处理的主要灰分元素，如K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn的含量比其它处理高，主要是NPK处理降低K⁺与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺元素的拮抗作用；灰分元素的含量和组成受施K影响。NPK处理降低了苏丹草茎游离蔗糖的含量，其中K的作用最明显，其次是N。NPK处理的苏丹草粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量最高，粗纤维含量较低；施N提高苏丹草干物质粗蛋白的含量，降低粗纤维的含量，P肥对苏丹草粗脂肪的贡献最大。（4） NPK处理明显提高苏丹草N、P、K的带走量，提高土壤有机质、全N、速效P和速效K的含量。（5）施肥处理比较，NPK处理苏丹草喂鱼，鱼的日增重与产量均最高，肝脏内脏比也比较小；N处理草鱼的体重、肥满度、内脏体重比和肝脏内脏比均比较大；饲料投喂（Feed）处理鱼的内脏体重比和肝脏内脏比均比饲草处理的大。（6）草鱼肌肉水分含量和K呈正相关性，K可以提高草鱼肌肉的水分含量，防止鱼肉出水软化。草鱼背部肌肉总灰分含量与K呈负相关性，NK、PK和NPK处理的灰分含量较低，CK、N和NP处理灰分较高；Feed处理均比饲草处理灰分含量低。K的存在抑制了草鱼对Ca、Mg、Mn的吸收，NPK处理草鱼的Zn含量较高，饲草鱼的P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn的含量比饲料鱼高。（7）草鱼背部肌肉干物质的脂肪和脂肪酸组分的含量与施肥呈一定相关性，NPK处理苏丹草喂的草鱼脂肪的含量较低。施K提高TUFA（总不饱和脂肪酸），N降低TUFA相对含量；处理对C₂₀以上的脂肪酸组分的影响较大，尤其对高不饱和脂肪酸，C₂₀以下的脂肪酸组分受处理的影响不明显。NPK处理苏丹草喂草鱼提高花生四稀酸(C_20:4)、EPA(C_20:5)和DHA(C_22:6)的含量，优化了脂肪酸组分。试验条件下，草鱼背部肌肉干物质氨基酸含量，主要受施N、K影响，NPK处理苏丹草投喂提高草鱼赖氨酸的含量，优化氨基酸的组成，饲草鱼的大部分氨基酸组分含量高于饲料鱼。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studied the relationship among fertilizer, grass and fish, which analyzedthe growth, yield and quality of sudangrass and grass carp under the influence of thefertilization. Some main results are as follow:（1）NPK treatment obviously accelerated the growth of beginning stem ofsudangrass, the plant height, leaves, apparent leaf area and per plant weight were alsoincreased. Fertilization obviously improved the weight of stem compared with leaf.（2） NPK treatment obviously increased the yield of flesh and dry sudangrass. Nfertilizer was the most important factor to increase yield of sudangrass, and then was Kfertilizer; the effect of K fertilizer to increase yield was obvious at the late growth stage ofsudangrass.（3） The application of K fertilizer increased the sudangrass water content. Comparedwith other treatments, NPK improved the ash content of sudangrass, such as K, P, Ca, Mg,Fe, Cu, Mn than other treatments, because it decreased the effect of antagonism of K⁺,Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺; K was the most important role to improve ash content of Sudangrass. AndNPK treatment can decrease the content of free sucrose of sudangrass stem, K was themost obvious role, and then was N. Among all the treatments, the average crude proteincontent and crude fat content of dry matter of sudangrass of NPK treatment were thehighest, and the average crude fibre content was lower than which was in other treatments.The application of N obviously improved drude protein and decreased crude fibre of drymatter; and P fertilizer got the greatest contribution to increase crude fat of sudangrassdry matter.（4） NPK treatment obviously improved the total amount of N, P and K of sudangrasswhich take from soil, and it also increased the content of organic matter, content of thetotal N, available P and available K.（5） Using sudangrass which growed in NPK treatment to feed grass carps, theaverage daily gain of grass carps was higher than that of other grass carps which were fedwith other treatments sudangrass, however, the amount of liver/viscera was lower. N can indirectly increase the weight of grass carp, fatnesses and viscera/weight index. Theamount of viscera/weight index and liver/viscera index, of grass carps which were fedwith commercialization fodder were bigger than those of other grass carps which were fedwith sudangrass.（6） The water content of the grass carp muscle was significantly related to K whichcan prevent the fish to lost water. Total ash content of grass carp back muscle wasnegatively related to K. It was high in back muscle of grass carp which was fed with NK,PK and NPK treatment sudangrass, while that fed with CK、N and NP treatmentsudangrass was low. And that fed with fodder was lower than which fed with sudangrass.K restrained grass carp to absorb Ca、Mg、Mn. Fish with NPK treatment had a highcontent of Zn.The P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn content in fish which was fed with fodder werelower than that which was fed with grass.（7）The content of the fat and the fatty acids in grass carp back muscle stem wasinfluenced by fertilization. NPK treatment grass carp had a low content of fat; K fertilizerwas advantageous to TUFA（total unsaturated fatty acids）, while N fertilizer had anopposite tendency; the fertilization treatment can influence the above C₂₀ fatty acids,especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the influence which separately be subjected tothe C₂₀ following fatty acids was not obvious. NPK treatment improved the content ofarachidonic acid(C_20:4), EPA(C_20:5), DHA(C_22:6), and to optimize composition of fatty.Amino acids content of grass carp back muscle mainly was influenced by K and Nfertilizer in experiment. NPK treatment improved the lysine content of the grass carp andconstitution of amino acids. Compared with commercialization fodder, grass carp whichfed sudangrass was higher on amino acids content.更多还原