【作者】 杨宏林；

【导师】 蔡再生；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 维纶基牛奶纤维是利用牛奶酪蛋白和聚乙烯醇高分子物接枝共聚，经湿法纺丝而成的再生蛋白质纤维。该纤维单丝纤度细，比重轻，手感柔软，穿着轻盈舒适，有很好的亲和性。牛奶蛋白与聚乙烯醇接枝共聚后的牛奶纤维漂白是其湿加工的技术难题之一，也是工厂生产中急需解决的技术问题。由于纤维中的有色成分及形成原因尚未搞清，采用常规的漂白方式很难达到理想的白度，白度要求高的产品需进行增白整理。本论文观察了维纶基牛奶纤维的纵向和横截面的结构，测试了其断裂强力、断裂延伸度、回潮率、耐酸耐碱性及耐热水收缩率等物理化学性能。着重探讨了双氧水对织物的漂白工艺，以织物白度、织物顶破强力和蛋白质含量的损伤为评价指标，优化了双氧水漂白的工艺。其工艺为：H₂O₂ 10g／L，Na₂SiO₃ 5g／L，Na₂CO₃ 3g／L，温度70℃，时间30min。在此基础上，选择保险粉和二氧化硫脲作为还原剂，研究氧化→还原复漂工艺，试验表明，二氧化硫脲对牛奶纤维有较好的漂白能力，漂白效果优于保险粉，且对纤维的损伤较小，同时由于其较低的BOD和COD值，因此可作为低污染的无毒漂白剂使用。当二氧化硫脲浓度为1g／L、保险粉浓度为0.5g／L时，两者具有较好的协同作用，其复漂后试样白度达到72.33。此外，对牛奶纤维原样和双氧水→二氧化硫脲／保险粉漂白样进行了FT-IR光谱分析和DSC-TG分析，结果显示漂白对牛奶纤维的主体结构未发生改变。维纶基牛奶纤维分子结构中有多种极性基团，如羟基、缩醛基、氨基等，这些基团吸色性能各有不同。根据其结构特点选择直接染料、酸性染料、中性染料、毛用活性染料、活性染料、阳离子染料和分散染料等对维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维进行染色试验，同时与蚕丝和羊毛的染色性能进行比较，发现直接染料、弱酸性染料、中性染料和活性染料对牛奶蛋白纤维有良好的上染性能。另外，探讨不同助剂、工艺等条件下染料对牛奶纤维染色性能、染色牢度的影响，实现对染料的优选和染色工艺的初步优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental protect textile has been focused in 21^st century and the development of new fiber is an important method. Milk protein fiber is a new kind of regenerated protein fiber. It has a light specific gravity, soft handle, and is comfortable and beneficial to people’s skin.The bleaching of vinylon-milk fiber is one of difficult technologies, for its unknown reason in colour. Generally, it is difficult to obtain perfect whiteness with normal processes.In this thesis, the physical chemistry properties of the vinylon-milk fiber such as the longitudinal and cross section structure, tensile strength, tensile elongation, moisture regain, acid and alkali-resistant and hot water-tolerance are tested. Bleaching with H₂O₂ is the emphases of the paper. By comparing the knitted fabric’s whiteness, bursting strength and the damage of protein content, the optimized bleaching condition is obtained as fellows, H₂O₂ 10g/L, Na₂SiO₃ 5g/L, Na₂CO₃ 3g/L, 70℃, 30min. The bleaching combination technologies such as hydrogen peroxide-hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide-sodium hydrosulfite, and hydrogen peroxide-thiourea dioxide are discussed. It is found that thiourea dioxide has better effect in bleaching and less damaging on fiber than hydrogen peroxide or sodium hydrosulfite. The whiteness of milk fiber is 72.33 when thiourea dioxide is 1g/L and sodium hydrosulfite is 0.5g/L, for their nicer corporative effects. Oxidation-reduction bleaching as hydrogen peroxide-thiourea dioxide hardly affects the structure of milk fiber.There are many polar groups in vinylon-milk fiber, such as -OH, -NH₂, -O-CH₂-O-, etc. which have kinds of dyeing abilities. The dyeing behavior of the vinylon-milk fiber was primarily tested with some direct dyes, acid dyes, neutral dyes, wool reactive dyes, reactive dyes, cationic dyes and disperse dyes. It is shown that direct dyes, acid dyes, neutral dyes and reactive dyes are better suitable to dyeing the milk fiber.更多还原