【作者】 卫娜；

【导师】 朱军生；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 会计学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】From an Overall and Industrial View

【摘要】 税收,正逐渐成为左右现代企业财务管理活动的重要变量,在激烈的市场竞争和利润平均化的现实,政府利用这一宏观调控的经济杠杆对税收结构的调整、税收政策的改变、都有可能使得纳税人的税前收益率发生变化,以隐性的方式承担了税负,从而使其既定的预期收益产生变形。本文是围绕着我国市场上隐性税收的情况展开的,由于隐性税收存在的国际检验方面已经得到确认,但它在中国的企业投资与市场开拓方面,因为政策和宏观环境的差异,往往使那些在成熟市场和理性经济行为中间实用的原理发生变形。本文就是要利用理论知识对我国市场上的隐性税收进行验证。所采取的研究方法是理论与实证相结合,利用统计软件进行相关分析以及回归模型等统计分析方法。首先,本文通过较系统的理论研究,引入并探讨了在我国理论和实践领域还较新的隐性税收概念和成因,即具有税收优惠的资产以取得较低税前收益率的形式间接支付的那部分税收,这种由于税收产生的税前利润损失就是所谓的隐性税收,并介绍了隐性税收的模型。区分、界定隐性税收理论中最高法定税率、实际法定税率、平均有效税率等相关的税率指标的概念。其次,基于隐性税收理论,笔者从我国上市公司A股中选择合适的样本,对其中的10个行业的股东权益税前收益和税收优惠的税前当量进行了相关性分析,整体的实证结果与我们对隐性税收的假设相符合,即在整体样本市场上税前收益和税收优惠呈现出较为显著的负相关关系,从而证明了我国市场上隐性税收的存在性。继而本文又将研究样本进行行业划分,分类讨论各行业所承担的隐性税收。且对其中出现的某些情况进行了主观和客观原因的分析。第三,为了解决企业实际法定税率没有连续性,无法进行一般统计回归的难题,我们通过设置哑变量的方法,替代了原来不连续的实际法定税率,将企业不同的实际税率水平,有机的组合在一个整体模型中,把较为复杂的分段模型进行简化,为隐性税收的理论提供了新的研究方法。第四,在通过验证我国市场上存在隐性税收这一假设的基础上,利用哑变量对我国上市公司总体的平均有效税率、实际法定税率两者与隐性税率之间建立模型,经过统计和分析,得出了适用于我国上市公司的隐性税率的回归方程,且具有相当高的拟合度。对我国不完全竞争市场上,不同所得税税率情况下的隐性税收有了一个衡量方法,使我们对隐性税收这一新课题有了更加明确和量化的概念。最后,结合我国市场上隐性税收的实证结果,给出政府在制定税收政策的合理的建议以及在不同市场、行业环境中企业纳税筹划的优化对策。并为目前在我国理论和实践领域还较新的隐性税收课题提出了新的研究思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enterprise tax revenue is playing an increasingly important role in the modern enterprise financial management activities. The reality of interest average, as well as the fierce competition in the market, which has been used by the government as the macroeconomic control levers to adjust the tax structure and to make changes in the tax laws and regulations, may make a difference to the pretax return. Actually, the taxpayers have to bear the implicit tax, which will lower the expected pre-tax yield.This thesis is focusing on the situation of the implicit tax in the Chinese market. Although, as a good model in the matured and irrational marked, the exist of the implicit tax has been world widely verified, it dose not fit the Chinese cases very well, especially at the aspect of enterprise investment and market exploration due to the difference of the government policies and macro situation. In this research, a theoretic-empiric-combined methodology has been adopted, through which the computer-software-supported correlation analysis and regression analysis has been used to establish the theoretic model.Firstly, through the literature review and a theoretical research, the thesis has discussed about the concept, as well as its formation of the implicit tax, which is still a new topic in the domestic theory and practice areas. Implicit tax refers to the indirectly-paid tax due to a lower pre-tax rate of the tax preferential assets. Such pre-tax profit loss caused by tax is so called implicit tax. Then the implicit tax model has been introduced.Secondly, based on the implicit tax theory, I chose 10 suitable samples from the domestic listed companies and made a correlation analysis on their shareholders pre-tax earnings as well as the Tax equivalents. The overall empirical results is in line with our hypothesis of the implicit tax, which says, in the overall sample market there is a significant negative correlation between the pre-tax earnings and tax preferences. Thus the exist of the implicit tax has been verified. Then, I have made an industrial classification of the samples. Towards each classification, a discussion statement on the implicit tax has been provided. Moreover, analysis has been made towards both of the subjective and objective reasons for some cases.Thirdly, to solve the problem that the enterprise actual legal tax rate is not a continuous variable, which make it impossible to make an ordinary regression, 5 dummy variables have been set to replace the original discrete variable t. Thus, the different actual tax levels of the enterprises have been well combined into one integral model. Through this method, the original piecewise function model has been simplified, which has provide a new approach to the research concerning the implicit tax.Fourthly, based on the confirmation of the implicit tax in the domestic market, the thesis introduced the concept of t, namely the actual legal tax rate, as well as ETR, which refers to the effective tax rate. After that, a simple correlation analysis has been made among the overall domestic samples, with their effective tax rate and the actual legal tax rate as the independent variables and the implicit tax rate as the dependent variable. With the method of the dummy variables setting, the model has been further adjusted. And thus a well fitted linear regression model has come out.Finally, from the following different point of view, such as the government as the maker of the tax policies, the enterprises as the maker of the tax plan, and the researches of accounting and tax, also with the empirical research result of the implicit tax in the domestic market, the thesis has provided the government some reasonable suggestion concerning tax policy making, as well as the optimization strategies for the enterprise tax planning. It has also provided new ideas for the research of the implicit tax topics in China, both in the areas of practice and theory.更多还原