【作者】 刘建；

【导师】 邵根富； 杨成忠；

【作者基本信息】 杭州电子科技大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 当前我国大多数炼钢厂存在人工跟踪和调度钢包的状况,效率低下。钢包跟踪和调度的信息化,有利于提高生产节奏和节能降耗,能够实时、全面掌握钢包的运行状态,准确地反映炼钢-连铸生产运行实绩。钢包的跟踪调度由于其行走路径、涉及的主体和辅助设备比较多,同时还需面临诸多干扰,整体非常复杂。已制定的钢包计划由于生产计划的变动,中途修改的可能性也很大,加上突发事件如设备损坏等,具有较大的不确定性。由于炼钢生产特殊的工艺要求,钢包在运转过程中还需要受到多种工艺条件的约束,如连铸机应该最大限度保持连浇,下一工序对钢水的温度、成分等要求各不一样。另外依据调度目标的选择,钢包的运行路径也需要发生改变,以提高调度目标的命中率。钢包调度具有约束复杂、不确定性、多目标、生产路径混杂的特点。依靠人工制订的出钢顺计划只有连铸开浇时刻和转炉出钢终了时刻,对于诸多与炼钢-连铸生产调度相关的辅助设备,却没有类似的处理顺计划和“火车时刻表”安排。本文将射频识别和无线通信技术应用到炼钢-连铸生产的钢包运行中,研究了钢包跟踪与调度的实现方案。通过对转运工具(行车、台车)的位置检测和行车称重的数据变化,判断钢包的位置以及操作状态,并根据生产工艺的钢包处理流程和约束条件,编制炼钢-精炼-连铸的钢包路径计划和空包行走路径、重包行走路径计划。钢包的有序调度,有利于炼钢-连铸生产物流的高效运转,平衡各设备负荷,加大红包利用率,降低能耗。本文的主要工作是:(1)钢包运行流程分析,以炼钢-连铸生产工艺为背景,深入分析了钢包的周转流程,指出了重包行走和空包行走的路径情况。(2)钢包跟踪研究,提出了钢包跟踪的系统架构和总体方案,描述了系统的功能和框架,分析了行车、台车的位置检测方案及数据通信方式。(3)钢包定位研究,分析了钢包位置模糊判断的条件和调整规则,对周转设备的运行状态进行了编码说明,归纳整理了钢包操作及状态的分类情况,详细讨论了钢包进出车间的管理。(4)钢包调度研究,提炼炼钢-连铸的专家经验并规则化,深入分析了钢包的处理流程和约束条件,详细说明了空包去向路径、重包去向路径的钢包计划编制。最后对本论文所做工作进行了总结,指出了存在的不足,展望了下一阶段的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the steel plants operate inefficiently in our country currently because of manual tracking and scheduling ladle. The informatization of tracking and scheduling ladle will not only improve production rhythm but also save energy and reduce consumption, which can get the run of the operation status of ladle real-timely and roundly, and reflect the performance of steelmaking-continuous casting Production specifically.Tracking and scheduling ladle is faced with many disturbances and is complex totally, because there are quite a few ladle running paths and involved main and auxiliary equipments. The established ladle running plan may be confronted with modifications halfway according to the change of production plan, besides there may be accident like equipment damage and so on, which increase more uncertainties. Due to the special technologic requirements of steel-making production, ladle running is also confronted with many technologic restrictions. For example, continuous casting machine should keep continuous casting to maximum, the next procedure have different requirement on temperature and component of molten steel. In addition, the running paths of ladle should also be modified according to the scheduling target in order to improve the scheduling percentage of hits.Ladle scheduling is in possession of complicated constraint, uncertainty, multi-objective and mixed production path. relying on manual drew up cis-tapping program only includes CC converter beginning time and LD tapping end time, for many auxiliary equipments related steelmaking-continuous casting production scheduling, but don’t include similar processing program and "train timetable" arrangement. This paper is introduced radio frequency identification and wireless communication technology applied to ladle running process in steel making continuous casting, studied ladle tracking and scheduling implementation project, which reflects ladle position and operation status judgements by detecting trans-shipment traffic tools (crane, trolley) position and data change of crane weighing, draws up ladle path program, empty and full ladle running path according to ladle processing procedure and constrainted condition under manufacture technology. Ladle scheduling orderly is conducive to steelmaking-continuous casting production logistics operation high efficiently, but also help to balance equipment load, raise red ladle utilization, reduce energy consumption.The main work of this paper as follows: (1) ladle running process analysis, take steelmaking-continuous casting production technique as background, analyze the turn around process of ladle deeply, point out the path situation of full ladle and empty ladle running. (2) ladle tracking research, raise system architecture and general project of ladle tracking, describe the system function and framework, analyze position detection project and data communication mode of crane and trolley. (3) ladle positioning research, analyze condition and adjusting rule of ladle position fuzzy judgment, illuminate the code of turn around equipments operating status, sum up classification of ladle operating and status, discuss the management of ladle getting in and out shop in detail. (4) ladle scheduling research, extract expert experience of steelmaking-continuous casting and regularize it, analyze ladle handling processes and restricted conditions deeply, elaborate on the plan formulation of empty ladle running paths and full ladle running paths.Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, deficiency is pointed out,and the next stage of work is expected.更多还原