【作者】 李波；

【导师】 樊栓狮；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 化学工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在石油天然气开采、输送过程中,由于低温高压,经常会有水合物生成,堵塞管道,给石油天然气工业带来巨大经济损失。水合物堵塞管道后,最常用的方法有加热、降压或是向管道内加入化学解堵剂来排除堵塞。其中化学解堵剂主要是氯盐类和醇类。然而,单一组分的解堵剂存在不同的缺陷,例如:氯盐腐蚀性大;甲醇毒性大,污染环境;乙二醇价格昂贵,难以大规模应用,这就限制了该类解堵剂的应用范围。针对目前解堵剂的不足,本文以廉价的氯盐、硝酸盐为解堵剂主物料,乙二醇为辅助物料得到一种高效解堵剂;并以金属腐蚀理论为依据,筛选出了有效的缓蚀剂,克服了金属腐蚀的问题。研究通过对比20%（质量百分比）的氯盐、硝酸盐和醇类溶液在0℃条件下融化四氢呋喃（THF）水合物的能力,得到了以氯化镁、硝酸镁、乙二醇为主要组成的解堵剂。并通过单纯形重心实验和金属腐蚀实验筛选出了高效水合物解堵剂的三元复合配方为W（MgCl₂ ）=70%, W（Mg（NO₃）₂）=20%, W（CH₃CH（OH）₂ ）=10%。质量分数为20%的该配方在0℃条件下1h融化THF水合物的体积达到了17.7mL,水合物分解体积占原有体积59%。为了降低高效水合物解堵剂的三元复合配方对钢材的腐蚀,本研究以质量分数为20%三元复合配方溶液为腐蚀测试液,通过正交实验筛选出了适用于本配方的高效缓蚀剂M,其组成成分分别为钼酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、三乙醇胺,组成缓蚀剂配方的各物质质量比m（钼酸钠）:m（葡萄糖酸钠）:m（三乙醇胺）为:9:28:70。在腐蚀溶液中,以M计,质量为535mg/L,即c（M）=535mg/L时有较好的缓蚀效果,缓蚀率为96.48%。该复合缓蚀剂用量少,价格便宜,对碳钢的缓蚀率高,不会对解堵剂融化水合物效果产生影响。通过解堵剂组成的确定实验和缓蚀剂配比的确定实验得出了GH解堵剂配比,其配比如下:W（MgCl₂ ）=70%, W（Mg（NO₃）₂）=20%, W（CH₃CH（OH）₂ ）=10%,钼酸钠浓度为45mg/L,葡萄糖酸钠浓度为140 mg/L,三乙醇胺浓度为350mg/L。最后研究了25%GH解堵剂,20%GH解堵剂,20%甲醇,20%乙二醇对气体水合物的分解能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of oil and gas transmission, hydrate was tended to plug the pipe because of the suitable formation conditions that brought huge economic loss to the oil industry. The most commonly method was used to add thermodynamic inhibitors such as salts or alcohols to the pipelines when pipelines were blocked by hydrates.Thermodynamic inhibitors were brought a series problems, for example salt solution could corrupt pipelines; methanol could bring great environmental pollution because of its toxicity; ethylene glycol was too expensive. Their shortcomings limited the range of each substance widely used.In order to solve these problems, a kind of efficient and environmental hydrate plugging remover （write it asGH hydrate plugging remover） was developed, which main materials are chloride and nitrate salts, auxiliary material is ethylene glycol. To prevent the metal corrosion, an effective inhibitor was screened out in this system.Investigated 20% （mass percent） of chloride salt, nitrate salt, methanol, ethylene glycol solution decomposed ability of THF hydrate at 0℃. It was obtained that magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, ethylene glycol as the main component of the blocking agent solution. Worked out formulations through simplicity baryeenter design with 3 main materials for THF hydrates dissociation and metal corrosion experimental; the formulation with main raw material isW（MgCl₂ ）=70%, W（Mg（NO₃）₂）=20%, W（CH₃CH（OH）₂ ）=10%.The hydrate volume dissociated by 20% mass fraction of the formulation reached 17.7mL, after 1h at 0℃.hydrate dissociation volume accounted for 59% of the original volume.In order to reduce the corrosion of plugging agent remover to pipelines, this study choose 20% wt solution as corrosion solution. Molybdate sodium, gluconate sodium, triethanolamine were selected as this system highly efficient inhibitor （write it asM） by orthogonal test. The composition of M is m （molybdate sodium）: m （gluconate sodium）: m（triethanolamine）=9:28:70.when c（M）=535mg/L in 20% mass solution, anti-corrosion rate reached to 96.48%.This compound corrosion retardant with low price and high anti-corrosive ratio to the steel that would not affect the effect of melting hydrate. At last, the ability of 25% （mass fraction）GH hydrate plugging remover, 20% GH hydrate plugging remover, 20% methanol, 20% ethylene glycol was investigated.更多还原