【作者】 黄河；

【导师】 王永久；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 理论物理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 引力效应是天体物理学和理论物理学中一个非常重要的研究内容。与此同时,对各类引力效应的理论研究对于解释具体的天文现象也有着重要的现实意义。人们根据爱因斯坦的引力场方程,可以得出许多牛顿引力理论中所没有的推论,其中一些可以或多或少地被赋予物理解释,这些推论便被称为引力效应。本文集中讨论两种典型的引力效应：(1)质量中微子在Reissner-Nordstrom(RN)场中以及Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter (RNdS)场中的振荡相位；(2)史瓦西场和史瓦西-德西特场中的质量亏损效应。近年来,关于质量中微子的研究引起了许多研究者的关注,特别是由于日本超级神冈大气中微子实验取得了巨大的成功,对质量中微子振荡的研究近年来也成为了一个热门领域。根据当前的粒子物理学理论可知,自然界存在着三类中微子,分别为电子中微子,μ中微子和,丁中微子,中微子具有三种不同的类型被称为中微子具有三种不同的味。若中微子的静止质量不为零,则不同味的中微子之间可能会相互转化,如νe中微子运动一段距离后将转变为νμ中微子或ν(?)中微子,而νμ中微子ν(?)中微子又可能再次转换为νe。中微子。这种不同味中微子之间互相转化的现象称为“中微子振荡”。基于理论上的考虑,当考虑到引力场的作用时,对在平直时空中中微子振荡的描述也很自然地推广到弯曲时空中。最近,人们研究了在各种不同引力场中的中微子振荡现象,也对于引力场对中微子振荡的影响产生了极大的兴趣,并且用各种方法计算了中微子在各种引力场中的振荡相位,比如平面波近似等。本文计算了质量中微子在两种典型的引力场(RN场和RNdS场)中沿短程线传播的振荡相位,并对质量中微子在这两种场中的振荡相位的表达式进行了分析和比较。广义相对论预言,当粒子由无引力区域结合成引力质量时,质量的-部分要被辐射出去。由等效原理可知粒子的引力质量等于其惯性质量。由于动能和势能可以转化为惯性质量,所以也就可以转化为引力质量。引力场中的源质量就包含有与引力场本身质量相对应的自能。把这一质量和组成它的所有粒子都在无穷远处时所具有的质量进行比较,便可求得上述质量亏损。为此,需要先求出引力场中一个试验物体的质量和它在无限远处质量之间的关系式。本文在第三章分别计算了在史瓦西场和史瓦西德西特场中的质量亏损：(1)中性实验粒子的质量亏损,(2)均匀吸积球壳的质量亏损,(3)均匀吸积球的质量亏损。在此基础上,阐明了计算结果的物理意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gravitational effects are one of quite significant research aspects in Astrophysics and Theoretical Physics. In the meanwhile, all sorts of research on gravitational effects have important realistic meanings to explain concrete astronomical phe-nomema. This thesis focuses on the following two gravitational effects:(1)Interferenee phase of mass neutrino in Reissner-Nordstrom field and Reissncr-Nordstrom-de Sit-ter field (2)mass defect in Schwarzschild field and Schwarzschild-de Sitter field.In recent years, research on mass neutrino has been paid attention by many researchers. Especially, research on the oscillation of mass neutrinos has been a hot field because of the great success of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino exper-iment. According to the current particle physics, there are three different kinds of neutrinos in nature, which are electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tauon neutrino. If the mass of neutrinos is nonzero, neutrinos with different flavors will transform commutatively. For instance, a muon neutrino probably transforms into an electron neutrino or a tauon neutrino after flying a distance, and an electron neutrino or a tauon neutrino might transform back into a muon neutrino. This phenomenon of mutual transformation between neutrinos with different flavors is called "neutrino oscillation". Various theoretical considerations on the gravitationally induced neu-trino oscillation were proposed to deal with the above case. More recently, the gravi-tational effects on the neutrino have received much attention of a number of authors to calculate the interference phase of mass neutrino in different gravitational fields, such as plane wave approximation. In this thesis, we calculate the interference phase of the mass neutrinos in the Reissner-Nordstrom field and Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter field, analyzing and making a comparison the interference phases in the two different gravitational fields.General relativity predicts that when a particle enters the gravitational area from the infinity and combines into gravitational mass, a part of its mass will be radiated out in a form of heat or some other forms of energy. We can obtain the mass defect by comparing the mass in the gravitational area with its counterpart in the infinity. Thus, we need to gain the relational expression between the mass of a testing object in the gravitational area and its mass in the infinity. This thesis respectively calculates the mass defect in Schwarzschild field and Schwarzschild-de Sitter field:(1)the mass defect of a neutral testing particle.(2)the mass defect of a homogenous accretion spherical shell.(3)the mass defect of a homogenous accretion sphere. Based on the previous work, we classify the physical meaning of the results.更多还原