城市水资源循环利用经济效益评估

【作者】 王超；

【导师】 王健；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 作为生产和生活中最重要的自然资源,水资源的短缺已成为一个全球性的问题。人口的增加、经济的快速发展导致了淡水资源消耗量大、水质污染严重以及地下水超采普遍等问题。由于我国当前工业生产方式技术的落后和人们对水危机认识不足等原因,在利用水资源的过程中存在利用效率低、浪费严重等现象,更加重了水资源的短缺,水资源问题成为制约经济发展和城市化进程的瓶颈。如果继续沿用传统的城市水资源利用与管理模式,不仅水资源供给难以为继,水环境污染也将更加恶化。实现城市中工业和生活用水的有效利用和良性循环对水资源的合理配置以及经济持续发展有重大的意义。本文从循环经济学的角度研究了城市水资源的循环发展模式,在分析循环经济理论基础上,结合国内外与水循环经济相关研究成果和实践,深入探讨和研究了水循环经济的主要理论基础以及目前发展水循环经济的几种模式,对需水管理模式、节约用水模式、清洁生产模式和污水处理及回用模式分别进行了分析,并对它们的经济效益进行了评估。论文以西部典型缺水城市——西宁市为例,分析了当地水资源供给和消耗状况。结合当地的水价情况,演示了西宁市使用需水管理模式和污水处理及回用模式的分析方法、操作方法以及经济效益评估方法。这些研究为西宁市或其他西部缺水城市合理有效的配置水资源提供了可供参考的理论和实践的依据。通过本文的研究,可以得出发展城市水循环经济的几点结论。首先从取水环节摈弃按需定供的传统思维,按照需水管理模式,适当提高水价、合理确定供水量、建立健全水权交易制度。其次,还要加大技术开发与研究,依靠技术革新来实现清洁生产和节约用水。政府需要在政策上创造出有利于节水的产业环境,并在必要的时候直接投入对节水技术的研发。第三,必须加大污水处理及回用基础设施建设。污水处理与回用不仅可以通过增加回用水产生直接经济效益,更重要的是通过控制排污产生巨大的间接经济效益。第四,着手建立我国专门的水法。建立健全法制法规、加强水资源利用的监管和对民众的节水教育等措施对发展城市水循环经济都有着重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource is one of the most important natural resources for industry and national lives. Water shortage has become a global problem in nowadays. The growth of population and rapidly development of economic led to widespread problems of excessive consumption of freshwater resources, water pollution and groundwater over-exploitation. Because of China’s low-level method of industrial production and technological development, along with peoples’lack of knowledge about the water crisis, water is wasted and low efficiently used. This makes the problem of water shortage worse. Water resources have become the bottleneck of economic development and urbanization. If we continue to follow the traditional way of urban water use and management, not only water supply would be unsustainable, but also water pollution would be worse. Solving the problem of virtuous circle of urban industrial and living water is crucial for sustainable economic development.From the view of recycling economic, development model of urban water cycle is researched. Based on the theory of circular economy, and combined with researches related to water cycle at home and abroad, we discussed the theoretical basis of the water recycling economic and the developing models of water cycle economy. The model of water demand management, water conservation, clean production and wastewater treatment and reuse are analyzed. Then, assessment of their economic benefits is made.Xining is taken as an example, which is a typical city lack of water in west of China. We analyzed the status of the local water supply and consumption. Combined with local water conditions, we showed how to use models of water demand management and sewage treatment and recycling in Xining City. And how to assess economic benefits of these two models is also showed. These studies provided a basis of theory and practice to reasonably and effectively allocate of water resources for Xining.According to the analysis of this paper, there are some conclusions: firstly, the traditional thinking model of deciding supply by demand must be given up. We should make an appropriate increase in the price of water, determine a reasonable supply of water and establish water trading system. In addition, much attention need to be paid to the technology and research about water saving. Relying on advanced technology and equipments, the purpose of clean production and saving water can be realized. The government should create an environment which is benefit for behaviors of saving water, and even invest directly into the research on technologies of water-saving if it’s necessary. Finally, we must increase the sewage treatment and recycling infrastructure. This can not only create direct economic benefits, but also huge indirect economic benefits. Furthermore, the measures of establishing and perfecting laws and regulations, strengthening the supervision of water use and education of water-saving to people are all useful to the development of urban water cycle.更多还原