【作者】 刘晓红；

【导师】 陆丙甫；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中国境内使用量词或者量词较为丰富的的少数民族语言主要集中在汉藏语和南亚语中,这为我们的研究提供了很好了语言文本土壤。本文考察汉藏语和南亚语的指量名结构的语序及分布,将从基本语序类型的确定、及与其他参项的语序关系等角度来考察语序基本特征和蕴涵共性,并解释语序组合的规律和相关共性。第一章主要是介绍了国内外相关的类型学研究以及本文的研究方法、语料来源。第二章具体界定了指量名结构并介绍相关的类型学理论。量词在本文中是指分类词,不包括度量量词。在类型学的框架下分类词是不包括度量衡量词,只有分类词才具有类型学意义,而度量衡量词所有语言都有,不具有类型学意义。本文依据跨范畴和谐原则、“核心-从属语”理论、可别度领先原理和语义靠近原理对语序进行解释。第三章讨论在有数词、形容词出现的情况下,可能出现的语序是“名-形-指-数量”、“名-形-数量-指”、“指-数量-名-形”、“数量-名-形-指”、“指-名-形-数量”,可以发现的是:数词总是出现在量词前,当然也有特殊情况:当数词为“一”时,数词出现在量词后。形容词修饰语总是最靠近名词,并且后置于名词为普遍语序,在解释语序的同时,建立了各参项的语序关联。第四章讨论数词和形容词不出现的情况下,指量名结构在可能出现的六种语序中有四种是常见语序:“量-名-指”,“名-指-量”,“名-量-指”,“指-量-名”。其中优势语序是前两种,其特点是“名-指”的顺序不变,量词不是在头就是在尾。根据语言分布事实和特点从三因素互动角度对语序做出解释,并且解释了指示词后置的原因。第五章结语部分总结了本文所得出了一些相对共性,余论部分从跨语言的角度考察了量名结构表示定指和量词具有定语标记功能的分布情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the minority languages have classifiers in china. Classifiers are abundantand mainly used in Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic. This paper does not discuss asingle demonstrative or classifier but when they’re present together .We mainlydiscuss the word order of“Dem-Clf-N”construction and typological distribution.Tibetan-Burmese are SOV word order, while Tai-Kadai Languages, Miao-Yao andAustro-Asiatic are SVO word order. This paper discusses the word order anddistribution of"Dem-Clf-N" construction in Sino-Tibetan and Austro-Asiatic.Chapter 1 concentrates on the typological study and theoretical background ofdomestic and foreign, as well as our research methods, and corpus sources oflanguage sample.Chapter 2 indicates the structure of“Dem-Clf-N”construction and introducessome relevant typological theories. Classifier in our paper only indicates the sortalnumeral classifiers. The theory of this paper is based on the principle ofcross-category harmony, "head- dependent "theory, the principle of SemanticHead-Proximity (SHP) and the pragmatic Identifiability Precedence Principle (IPP).Chapter 3 Discuss the word order of demonstrative, numeral, classifier, adjectiveand noun. It can be discovered that the possible word order is:"N-Adj-Dem-Num-Clf","N-Adj-Num-Clf-Dem","Dem-Num-Clf-N-Adj","Num-Clf-N-Adj- Dem", "Dem-N-Adj- Num-Clf". The feature is that numeral is always in front ofclassifier, while there is special circumstance that is when the numeral is" one ", theclassifier preposes the numeral. Adjective modifiers are always closest to the noun,and the dominant order is N-Adj.Chapter 4 discuss the word order of“Dem-Clf-N”.it is discovered that only fourof six possible word orders can emerge as basic word order, which are Clf-N-Dem,N-Dem-Clf, N-Clf-Dem and Dem-Clf-N. The first two are dominant order, where therelative order of N-Dem is fixed while Clf is at the beginning or end.We explain theword order according three principles and also put up interfering factor(s) why thedemonstrative postposed.Chapter 5 discusses the cross-linguistic distribution of“Clf-N”constructionindicating the definiteness and the classifier as an attributive mark.更多还原