【作者】 张学军；

【导师】 黄大伟；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育教学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年来,高等教育招生的规模在逐渐的扩大,在校学生人数持续增加。伴随着《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育决定》等文件的颁布和实施,为了保持与提高教学质量,对学科的课程体系、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、以及教学组织与管理、教学评价等方面都提出了新的要求。在大学体育课程中,足球项目作为教学手段之一,由于深受广大学生的喜爱,足球选修课成为了高等院校中体育公共选修课的主干课程之一。足球选修课的教学目标与教学任务是在要求完成大学体育课程的基本教学目标与教学任务的同时,还需具有本项目的专项特色。本论文通过对唐山市6所普通高等院校的足球选修课程的教学大纲进行整理分析的基础上,对各普通高校中部分担任足球选修课程的教师或负责体育教学工作的14名教师以及对选修足球课程的大学一、二年级的360名学生进行了问卷调查。本论文采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等得出了研究结论及建议:1.唐山市6所普通高校的足球选修课程的设置方法主要是以一学年为循环周期,学时数一般是一学年66学时,有四所高校在一、二年级可以选修两种专项。有两所高校只开设第3、4学期一年选修或从第2学期至第4学期一年半开设选修课程,学生只能选修一种运动项目。2.各所普通高校开设的足球选修课程的教学内容包括理论课、足球基本技术、战术、身体素质的练习。理论课每学期4学时,大部分的学时是针对足球基本技、战术的学习,有3所高校对理论课内容进行笔试考试。3.唐山市6所普通高校的足球选修课对于足球基本技术的内容包括踢球、停球、运球、头顶球、抢截球和守门员技术等,战术的内容主要是“二过一”配合。技术内容的教授是按照颠球、踢球、停球、运球的顺序进行制定的,然后是头顶球、掷界外球、抢截球、守门员技术等。4.唐山市6所普通高校的足球选修课对足球基本技、战术的评价在考核评价中所占的比例最多,一般占总评的50%-70%。对基本技术的考核方法主要是颠球、运球过杆射门等可量化指标;而对战术意识的考核方法采用了“二过一”配合或比赛等形式,考核的标准制定的还不够明确、具体。5.唐山市6所普通高校的足球选修课身体素质练习一般是在每学时中安排一定的时间进行练习。素质练习内容主要包括1000米跑、立定跳远等。对于身体素质的考核,主要是采用了《国家学生体质健康标准》的测试项目及考核标准来进行测试,大多数高校没有制定出具体地、针对足球选修课程的具有专项特点的素质测试方法与标准。建议1.为了使学生能够更广泛地接触体育运动,从而为学生的终身体育意识的形成打下良好的基础,专项选修课程建议以每学年为循环周期。在大学一、二年级使学生能够参加两种运动项目的学习。2.足球选修课程的理论学时数每学期至少应保证4个学时,在教授有关足球专项知识的内容,多以多媒体的形式进行教学。理论内容考核如流于形式,应取消。3.针对普通高校的学生对象,在足球基本技术教学内容当中,应当删减较为复杂的技术,比如跳起头顶球等。教学内容教授的顺序由易到难,建议技术内容的教授顺序是运球、踢球、停球、头顶球的顺序。教授踢球的顺序按照脚内侧踢球、脚背正面踢球、脚背内侧踢球的顺序。4.为了使学生的足球战术意识得到提高,在学生学习了基本技术之后,在每学时中安排20至25分钟的时间进行教学比赛,教师提出具体的要求,以及比赛中需注意的问题等,通过教学比赛使学生了解自身基本技术以及战术意识的不足的同时,激发学生自我学习的积极性,增强学生实际比赛的能力。5.身体素质的练习应当穿插安排在每学时中进行,并在教学大纲中明确、具体地制定出素质练习的内容,其中应当包括基础身体素质的练习,还应有专项身体素质的练习内容。对身体素质的考核方法,也应制定出相应的具有专项特点的专项素质测试的方法与标准。同时对学生平时表现的考核方法也要明确、具体。6.在对足球基本技术进行考核的方法中,尽可能采用可量化指标,多达标少技评。对战术意识的考核,采用可量化指标与不可量化指标相结合进行考核的方法。对于完全不可量化的考核方法,应当制定出相应、具体、明确的考核标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, higher education enrollment in the gradual expansion of the scale, increasing the number of students in school. With the "CPC Central Committee and State Council on Deepening Educational Reform and Promoting Quality Education decision" the promulgation and implementation of other documents, in order to maintain and improve the quality of teaching in the subject curriculum, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching methods, and teaching organization and management , teaching evaluation have put forward new demands.Courses in college sports, football projects as a means of teaching, as loved by the majority of students, soccer has become the elective institutions of higher learning in public sport one of the main courses elective. Football elective teaching goals and teaching mission is required to complete basic teaching college physical education curriculum goals and teaching tasks at the same time, the need to have a special feature of this project. The paper by Tangshan 6 elective courses in Higher Education in the syllabus of football to sort based on the analysis of the college football as elective courses in some or responsible for physical education teachers to work 14 teachers as well as elective The university football program, second year 360 students conducted a survey.In this thesis, the literature review, questionnaire survey, expert interviews, mathematical statistics, data analysis, conclusions and recommendations obtained:1. Tangshan College football 6 Elective Courses for the academic year mainly as a method of cycles, the number of hours a year is usually 66 hours, there are four universities in the first and second year can be two special elective. Only two universities have set up the first 3,4 year term from elective or 2 to 4 semester opened one and a half semester elective courses, students can only elective a sport.2. The opening of the college football elective course content includes theory, basic soccer techniques, tactics, physical fitness exercises. 4 hours per semester theory course, most of the hours are for basic football skills and tactics to learn, there are three college courses on the theory of content written examination.3. Tangshan City 6 elective college football soccer fundamental technique for including play, stop the ball, dribble, head the ball, intercept the ball and the goalkeeper techniques and tactics focused on the "two over one" with the . Technical content is in accordance with the Dianqiu professor, play, stop the ball, dribble the order set, and then head the ball, throw a throw, intercept the ball, goalkeeper technology.4. Tangshan 6 elective college football football basic skills and tactics of the evaluation in the proportion of appraisal up to the general accounting for 50% -70% assessment. On the Basic Skills Assessment methods are Dianqiu, dribbling through quantifiable indicators such as bar shooting; and tactical awareness of the assessment methods of using the "two over one" or competition with other forms of assessment standards is less clear, specific.5. Tangshan City College football 6 elective physical exercise is generally arranged in a certain hours each time to practice. Quality practice mainly including the 1000 meter run, standing long jump and so on. For the physical fitness assessment, mainly adopted the "National Student Fitness Standard" test items and assessment standards for testing, most universities did not work out specifically for soccer elective courses with the quality of the special characteristics of the test methods and standards .Recommended1. To enable students to more extensive contact sports, for students to form lifelong sports consciousness and lay a good foundation, proposed special elective courses per school year cycle. In college the first two years so that students can learn to participate in two sports.2. Football elective courses in theory the number of hours per semester to ensure that at least 4 hours in the teaching of specific knowledge of the contents of the football, mostly in the form of multimedia teaching. Theoretical content evaluation as a mere formality, should be abolished.3. For college students object, basic skills in football among the teaching content should be cut more complex technologies, such as jump ball head. Professor teaching content in order from easy to difficult, the proposed order is a professor of technical content dribbling, kicking, stopping, head the ball in the sequence. Professor of the order of play inside the play by foot, kicking the front foot, feet inside the playing order.4. In order to enable students to improve tactical awareness of football, learning the basic skills of students after hours in every 20 to 25 minutes in the arrangements for time to match teaching, teachers put forward specific requirements, and competition issues that need attention, competition by teaching basic skills to enable students to understand their lack of tactical awareness and at the same time, stimulate the enthusiasm of the students self-learning, and enhance the ability of students to the actual game.5. Physical exercise should be interspersed with scheduled hours each carried out explicitly in the syllabus, the quality of specific exercises to develop the content, which should include basic physical exercises, there should be special fitness training content. On the physical fitness assessment methods should be developed with the special characteristics of the corresponding special quality testing methods and standards. Meanwhile, the performance assessment methods students usually have clear and specific.6. The basic techniques of soccer in the assessment method, the quantifiable indicators as far as possible, many less technical evaluation standards. Assessment of tactical awareness, the use of quantitative indicators can be combined with non-quantifiable indicators for the assessment method. For the full non-quantifiable assessment methods should be developed accordingly, specific, clear assessment criteria.更多还原