【作者】 张婧；

【导师】 金光泽；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 研究种子扩散及幼苗更新对了解种群分布规律和和森林更新机制有重要意义。本文样地于2005年在黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区9 hm2阔叶红松林永久样地中心地带设置299个面积为0.5m2的种子接收器和319个1m×1m的幼苗小样方来进行种子雨和一年生幼苗的更新调查。通过连续五年的调查,对阔叶红松林中主要乔木树种种子雨的组成、大小、林隙对种子雨的影响以及种子雨和幼苗的相关关系、幼苗的萌发、死亡、季节动态、林隙对幼苗的影响和幼苗的存活周期进行分析。结果表明：阔叶红松林主要乔木树种种子雨的组成在各年份间基本保持稳定,枫桦是种子雨组成的优势树种。水曲柳、糠椴和红皮云杉在一些年份中结实量很小甚至不结实。蒙古栎种子只在2009年中发现。种子雨的散布有明显的季节波动,除春榆的种子雨掉落高峰是6月份之外,其余树种种子雨掉落的高峰集中在每年的9月到10月。冷杉、水曲柳、青楷槭、花楷槭、五角械、春榆的种子雨与幼苗生长均体现出了显著相关性。水曲柳是幼苗更新的优势树种,青楷槭次之。水曲柳和青楷槭幼苗更新密度最大年份占总更新数量的80%和46.1%。冷杉、水曲柳、青楷槭、花楷槭和五角槭幼苗萌发的数量均有显著年际间差异,而其他树种年际间差异不明显。一年生幼苗季节性规律表现为,每年6月中旬到7月中旬大量新生幼苗开始萌发,每年生长季结束后的冬季到次年春季大量幼苗死亡。林隙对个别树种一年生幼苗的存活有显著的抑制作用。红松、水曲柳和青楷槭幼苗林隙和非F林隙下死亡有显著的差异性。一年生幼苗死亡周期集中出现在幼苗出生后的第一年和第二年的冬季。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment are important for understanding the population distributing and the mechanisms of forest regeneration. Set the plot in 2005, we established 299 seed traps (seed traps acreage 0.5 m2) and 319 seedling sample plot (1×1) to survey the seed rain and one-year-old seedling in the central of the permanent sample plots of the broadleaved-Korean pine in Liangshui nature reserve. The composition and size of the seed rain, the gap effect to the seed rain and the relation between seed rain and the one-year-old seedling, seedling germination, death, seasonal dynamics, the gap effect to the seeding and one-year-old seeding and life cycle were analysis during the past five years. The result showed that:The composition of seed rain of major species of the broadleaved-Korean pine had a great interannual variation, Betula costata was the dominant tree specie of seed rain. The densities of Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia mandshurica and Picea koraiensis were very little in some years however were not have seed. Quercus mangolica was found only in 2009. The gap was not significantly affected the seed rain. The pertinence was very clear between the seed rain and the one-year-old seedlings of the Abies nephrolepis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer mono, A. tegmentosum, A. ukurunduense and Ulmu japonica. Fraxinus mandshurica was the dominant tree specie of the one-year-old seedling, A. tegmentosum was less than Fraxinus mandshurica. The largest density of Fraxinus mandshurica and A. tegmentosum was 80% and 46.1% respectively of thefive years. The one-year-old seedlings of Abies nephrolepis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer mono, A. tegmentosum, A. ukurunduense were changed significantly different in various years. There were a lot of one-year-old seedlings appeared from the mid-June to the mid-July in every year. There were a lot of one-year-old seedlings died because of the cold and aridity of the winter form the end of each growing season to the next spring. Gap have significant inhibition to the seedlings, the non-gap growing environment is the major factor which caused the seedlings’death. The limiting factor of seedlings death was the soil moisture, so the death cycle of seedlings centrally appeared in the first and the second winter.更多还原