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土客之间：陕西关中地区“山东庄子”人类学研究
【作者】 张健；
【导师】 马强；
【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 民族学， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 清朝末年开始的山东人移民陕西活动,使大量山东籍移民在关中地区聚居而逐渐形成村落。这些山东籍移民聚居的村庄被当地人称为“山东庄子”。尽管这些“山东庄子”经过了长期的变迁和融合,至今仍然保留有丰富的山东本土生活特色。本文就关中地区“山东庄子”的移民历史过程和一个村庄进行个案描述,对土客之间的互动和融合进行系统而具体的研究。论文共分三章：第一章对陕西关中地区的“山东庄子”进行了概括性的描述。包括山东人移民陕西的历史原因和过程,“山东庄子”形成过程,以及山东移民村庄的分布情况和现状。第二章选取了一个较为典型的“山东庄子”——富平县人和村作为田野调查点,进行较为详细的研究。简要介绍了该村庄的基本情况,并对其方言、饮食文化、民居、风俗习惯、婚姻状况、宗教信仰、祖先记忆等做了详细讨论。第三章主要分析了土客之间的互动和融合,由刚开始的冲突、隔阂到后来的经济、文化交流,大量的通婚现象出现则标志着融合的进一步加深。“山东庄子”移民及其后裔也经历了不同时期的地域身份认同。总之,山东籍移民及其后裔经过近百年的变迁与融合,尽管仍保留了大量本土特色,但是在认同意识上已经发生了巨大的变化,事实证明,他们已经成为关中这片土地上一群勤劳、朴实的主人了。土与客、移民与当地人、外来者与世居者的概念即将在未来的代际繁衍中淡出,成为民族志书写的历史记忆。
【Abstract】 The immigrants from Shandong to Shaanxi began to immigrate at the end of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of immigrants from Shandong have formed gradually inhabited villages in the Guanzhong area. These villages was called "Shandong Zhuangzi" by local residences. Experiencing a long period of change and integration, they have remained characteristics of Shandong indigenous life. This paper introduce history of "Shandong Zhuangzi" immigration, with a individual case, researching the interaction and integration between Natives.The thesis divided into three chapters:The first chapter is an description about "Shandong Zhangzi" in Guanzhong area, is a general description. Shandong, Shaanxi, including the historical reasons of process of migration. It describe the formation and location of "Shandong Zhangzi".The second chapter selected a more typical place which is called "Shandong Zhangzi", treating the village as a field investigation of cases to do a more detailed study. It simply introduced the basic situation of the village and its dialects, food culture, housing construction, customs, marital status, religion, ancestral memories, and so like.The third chapter analyzes the interaction and integration between Natives Ranging the beginning of the conflict and gap to economic and cultural exchanges, The fact a large number of marriages sign that people’s integration has been enlarged. The "Shandong Zhangzi" immigrants and their descendants have undergone regional identity in different periods.Having being changed and integrated over hundred years, the "Shandong Zhangzi" immigrantswhile remains mang local characteristics, with a giant changes in identity. It is proved that they have become a master with diligent and honest in this village. With a disappearing of concept between immigrant and native people, those who was born in this villager and who come from the outside world, has been a history memory written in eghnography.