【作者】 周彬；

【导师】 余新晓； 陈丽华；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 景观格局优化研究是指利用景观生态学原理解决土地合理利用的问题,在土地利用格局优化的基础上,进行景观管理、设计与规划的优化。使各组分之间达到和谐、有序,以改善受胁受损的生态功能,提高景观总体生产力和稳定性,实现区域可持续发展。本文以北京山区森林景观为研究对象,针对北京山区水资源短缺、土壤贫瘠、森林生态服务功能低下等问题,对北京山区18类森林景观进行优化配置。研究内容包括：北京山区森林景观格局现状分析,主要森林景观生态服务功能现状评估,线性规划模型的建立和求解,森林景观格局空间优化。本文旨在为北京森林健康可持续经营提供理论依据。研究主要结果与结论如下：(1)在以森林资源二类调查资料为基础,以地类、林分起源及优势树种为主要依据的森林景观要素分类体系下,分析了北京山区的森林景观格局现状。结果认为,林地是该区域主要景观,但北京山区森林景观斑块分布极不均衡,景观破碎程度明显。建议对北京山区森林景观进行结构调整,使之恢复为适宜景观格局。(2)本研究引入InVEST模型,在对模型修改及参数校正后,应用InVEST模型对北京山区森林关键生态服务功能进行评估。得出北京山区森林水源涵养总量为2.6×108mm,森林土壤保持总量为5.03×107t,森林碳存储量为4.9×107t,并通过对生境质量指数、物种数量和植被盖度进行叠加得到各森林景观类型下的生物多样性指数。(3)基于生态服务功能的景观格局数量优化研究,构建生态效益最大的目标函数,应用单纯形法求解,得出不同森林景观的面积控制优化方案,通过方案对比分析进行选择,确定研究区内不同森林景观类型的面积配置。综合考虑立地、在森林资源二类数据的基础上,采用非线性建模途径,建立了北京山区主要森林景观与环境引自的关系模型,并利用GIS空间分析方法,模拟和预测了18种森林景观的空间分布；并采用概率排序,对北京山区潜在森林景观格局进行了模拟和预测,绘制了北京山区潜在森林景观格局图。以潜在森林景观格局为依据,对现有森林景观的不合理分布进行重新配置,引入潜在树种和建群种,采取措施促进森林景观自然化过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landscape pattern optimization fefers to solve the problem with the landscape ecological.Land use pattern optimization based on the landscape management, design and planning optimization, it makes landscape element harmony and ordered system to achieve regional sustainable development for improving the ecological function of threatened landscape and enhancing the productivity and stability of landscape.Focusing on key enviroment problems such as water resource shortage, soil impoverishment and low forest ecological function, the study taking Beijing mountainous area as the research object,to optimize the allocation of 18 forest landscape types in Beijing mountainous area.The research included: present condition analysis of Beijing mountain forest landscape patterns;evaluation of main forest ecological service function status;development and solution of linear programming model;the spatial structure optimization of the landscape pattern;This article aims to provide a theoretical basis to sustainable management of forest health in Beijing.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)With the forest resource survey data of Beijing,on the basis of land-use type, stand origin and dominant tree species, forest pattern in Beijing mountainous area was analysed within the framework of classification of landscape components.It is concludes that,woodland is the main landscape in the region,but patch distribution of Beijing mountainous area is extremely disequilibrium,landscape patchiness significantly.Suggestions to adjustment landscape structure of Beijing mountainous area,so as to restore the appropriate landscape.(2)This research introduce the InVEST model,modified models and corrected parameters,using the InVEST model to evaluate the key forest ecosystem service function of beijing mountainous. The calculated total water conservation in Beijing mountainous area is 2.6×108mm;the total soil conservation is 5.03×107t;the total carbon storage volume is 4.9×107t.The biodiversity model of InVEST was used to calculate habitat quality of the Beijing mountainous area.the assessments of species index and vegetation coverage were increased to assess the biodiversity of Beijing mountainous area.(3)The landscape pattern quantity optimization research based on ecosystem services function,constructed the biggest target function of ecological benefit.It came to the different optimization projects of the total quantity control by the simplex method,and chose the optimum one through comparative analysis. Considering site condition,and based on Beijing forest resource, established the relation between Beijing mountainous main forest landscape and environment model by using nonlinear model.Then simulate and predicte spatial distribution of the 18 forest landscape types by using GIS’s spatial analysis.finally,simulated and predicted potential of Beijing mountain area’s forest landscape pattern by adopting the probability sorting mathod. Drawing forest landscape potential map of Beijing mountainous.Reconfiguring unreansonable distribution of the existing forest landscape based on potential map of forest landscape pattern, introduce potential or built species and take measures to make existing landscape tend to natural vegetation landscape.更多还原