【作者】 徐敏；

【导师】 张庆费； 达良俊；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 垃圾填埋场不仅是城市典型的污染地,也是城市发展的重要土地资源。因此,需要对其进行植被修复与重建,而适宜的植物选择和垃圾土壤改良是关键。本研究以上海市老港垃圾填埋场三个不同封场时期的土壤(1995年Ⅰ期、2000年Ⅱ期和2005年Ⅲ期)为基础,通过加入不同比例绿化土,沸石和绿化植物废弃物(俗称枯落物)设置试验处理梯度,并以6种绿化植物进行盆栽试验。通过测定盆栽过程中植株在不同处理下的形态变化、生理指标,重金属富集情况等,找出抗逆性较好的植物种类和优化植物生长的土壤改良方法。试验结果表明：1三个不同封场时期垃圾土壤有一定的差异,在处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ中,处理Ⅱ养分水平最低,但是各项重金属含量值低,重金属污染程度也最低。处理Ⅰ的各项指标含量居于处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅱ之间。三个不同封场时期的垃圾原土综合污染状况均远远超过了重污染等级,土壤受污染严重。2从各植物的适应性来说,女贞、夹竹桃、胡颓子三种植物在不同处理下的存活率均高于其他三种植物,大于70%,显示出较高的适应性。6种植物在不同处理下的存活率排序是：胡颓子>夹竹桃>女贞>石楠>蚊母>连翘。连翘在三个不同封场时期垃圾土的存活率均为0。蚊母仅在处理Ⅱ中有植株存活,各指标增长幅度远低于对照组。因此,可以初步断定连翘和蚊母在胁迫生境下生长能力较弱,抗逆性差。3在绿化土配比垃圾土的处理中,同种植物存活率高于其他处理,一定比例的垃圾土与绿化土混合,既降低了垃圾土中重金属的含量,同时又弥补了绿化土中养分含量低的缺陷。同时绿化土所占比例越大,植物生长的越好。从植物的反馈反应来说,沸石对土壤的改良效果不如加入绿化土和枯落物。4通过对土壤做主成分分析,将土壤中8种重金属元素和6个理化指标,划分为三大影响因子,第一因子是养分等为主,第二因子是超标重金属,第三因子是达标重金属。可以看出植物生长受限于土壤养分及超标重金属。5在存活植株的生理指标测定中,游离脯氨酸含量随着污染物浓度的升高而逐渐升高,而过氧化氢酶活性则相反,当污染物浓度增大时,植物体内过氧化氢酶活性降低。加入枯落物后效果优于沸石。不同植物在同一时期同一处理下,各指标测定值也有差异,这与植物自身生物学特性有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landfill is not only a polluted area in city, but also an important resources to urban development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on the vegetation restoration and reconstruction of the plants, and appropriate choice of plants and soil amendent is the key.Based on different treatments(plant soil、mulching greenery waste、zeolite) on soil samples(No.Ⅰ、No,Ⅱ、No.Ⅲ) from the Laogang Garbage Landfill, the study took Elaeagnus pungens、Ligustrum Lucidum、Nerium oleander、Distylium racemosum、Forsythia suspensa、Photinia serrulata as research objects. The effect of different treatments on morphological changes、physiological indexes and accumulation of heavy metals had been studied. The experiment was to find plants with stress resistance and the best soil amendment. The results were as follows:1 The conditions of soil samples from the Laogang Garbage Landfill were different. Among the tree samples, both the contents of heavy metals and nutrient level of No.Ⅱwere low. The contents of heavy metals and nutrient level of No. I were between No.Ⅱand No,Ⅲ. Comprehensive pollution index of the tree samples were high which indicated that all of them are heavily polluted.2 The survival ratio of the plants Ligustrum Lucidum、Nerium oleander、Elaeagnus pungens were higher than other plants. Elaeagnus pungens> Nerium oleander> Ligustrum Lucidum> Photinia serrulata> Distylium racemosum> Forsythia suspense. The survival ratio of Forsythia suspense is zero when planted on the three samples. There were only survival plants of Distylium racemosum on No. II. As a result, the growth ability of both Forsythia suspensa and Distylium racemosum were weak under environmental stress.3 The survival ratio of the same plants under the Treatment "planting soil+ garbage soil" was higher than other treatments. A certain proportion of garbage soil and planting soil can decrease the content of soil heavy metal. The effect were better when the propotion of planting soil were higher.4 The main factor analysis method was employed to analyze the relationship between eight heavy metals and six soil physicochemical index of different treatments. Divided into three factors, the first factor was nutriment, the second factor was overweight heavy metals and the third factor is standard heavy metals. So the restricted factor of plants were nutriments and overweight heavy metals. 5 Along with the increase concentration of pollutants, proline content increased. While CAT activity decreased. The effect of mulching greenery waste are better than zeolite. Different plants under the same treatment during the same period, each index determination value also had difference,更多还原