【作者】 张亮；

【导师】 宋春梅；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文主要研究了聚丙烯酸(酯)/聚乙二醇(PEG)/I-/I3聚合物凝胶电解质及其在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中的应用。主要研究内容如下：制备新型聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)/聚乙二醇400/I-/I3-(P(MMA-BA)/PEG400/I-/I3-)聚合物凝胶电解质。基于该凝胶电解质的DSSC的光伏转换效率η=0.91%(0.16cm2,AM 1.5,100 mW.cm-2)。制备了新型聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸)/聚乙二醇400/I-/I3-(P(MMA-BA-MAA)/PEG400/I-/I3-)聚合物凝胶电解质。优化后的聚合物凝胶电解质组分为：20 wt.%P(MMA-BA-MAA)/PEG400,0.6 mol/L NaI,0.06 mol/L I2,溶剂为γ-丁内酯(GBL);30℃时电导率达到3.12 mS.cm-1。优化后DSSC的η=3.63%(0.16cm2,AM 1.5,100mW.cm-2)和2.10%(0.36cm2, AM 1.5,100 mW.cm-2),与相应的基于液体电解质DSSC的η相当,η=3.83%(0.16cm2)和2.23%(0.36cm2)。发现对基于液体电解质DSSC的η有促进作用的电解质添加剂叔丁基吡啶(TBP)、吡啶(PY)、异硫氰酸胍(GuSCN),对P(MMA-BA-MAA)/PEG400/NaI/I2聚合物凝胶电解质存在不同的效果,这归因于聚合物凝胶电解质中存在离子键和氢键作用。发现TBP和GuSCN对η有抑制作用,而PY对η有促进作用。由于该聚合物凝胶电解质中存在离子键和氢键作用,所以含有COOH的聚合物体系在形成稳定的凝胶和碱性添加剂匹配之间存在一个最优化配方。用IR分析了聚合物凝胶电解质中的氢键作用。用热失重(TGA)研究了聚合物的热稳定性。用太阳能光伏系统测试了DSSC的光伏性能。同时,测试了DSSC的外量子效率(IPCE)以及电池的交流阻抗(EIS)。合成了(丙烯酸/烯丙氧基聚乙二醇)共聚物(PAA/APEG),制备可用于DSSC的聚合物凝胶电解质PAA/APEG/KI/I2/GBL。考察了交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)对PAA/APEG吸液率的影响,研究表明,当交联剂Bis含量为单体2wt.%时,PAA/APEG的吸液率最高,30℃电导率可达6.892mS.cm-1。与相应的液体电解质NaI/I2/GBL的σ=7.79 mS.cm-1相当,远大于聚合物固体电解质(σ=10-3～10-5 mS.cm-1)。以上各体系分别用1H NMR和IR对聚合物分子结构进行了表征。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper is chiefly concentrated on the study of poly(acrylate/ethylene glycol) /I-/I3- (PA/PEG/I-/I3-) gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this paper, the studies are summarized as follows:A poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate)/polyethylene glycol 400/I-/I3-(P(MMA-BA)/PEG400/I-/I3-) GPE for DSSC was prepared. The maximum energy conversion efficiency (η) of DSSC reached 0.91%(0.16cm2, AM 1.5,100mW.cm-2).A poly(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid)/polyethylene glyco1400/I-/I3- (P(MMA-BA-MAA)/PEG400/I-/I3-) GPE for DSSC was prepared. The optimal component of GPE was as followed:20 wt.% P(MMA-BA-MAA)/PEG400, 0.6 mol/L Nal,0.06 mol/L I2, the solvent was y-butyrolactone (GBL). The ionic conductivity (σ) was 3.12 mS.cm-1 at 30℃and theηof DSSCs were 3.63%(0.16cm2, AM 1.5, 100mW.cm-2) and 2.10%(0.36cm2, AM 1.5, 100mWcm-2) respectively, which were closed to the liquid electrolyte-based DSSCs (η=3.83% at 0.16cm2 and 2.10% at 0.36cm2).Compared with liquid electrolytes, the electrolyte additives,4-tertbutylpyridine (TBP), pyridine (PY) and Guanidine isothiocyanate (GuSCN), had different effects on GPE. This can be attributed to the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds in GPE. The results indicated that 77 of DSSC was decreased by TBP and GuSCN, while 77 of DSSC was increased by PY. Therefore, such polymers containing COOH had a optimal component to form a stable gel in the presence of alkaline additives.The hydrogen bond in GPE was studied by IR. The polymer’s thermal stability of GPE was studied by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The photovoltaic performance of DSSC was studied by solar photovoltaic system. The incident photon-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) of DSSC were studied at the same time.A (acrylic acid/allyloxy polyethylene glycol) hybrid copolymer/Bis/KI/I2/GBL (PAA/APEG/Bis/KI/I2/GBL) GPE was prepared. The effects of the crosslinker, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (Bis), on the PAA/APEG absorption ratio in liquid electrolyte was studied. The ionic conductivity reached 6.892mS.cm-1 at 30℃with 2 wt.% Bis. The results were closed toσof the liquid electrolyte (σ=7.79 mS.cm-1) and much lager than theσof solid polymer electrolyte (σ=10-3-10-5 mS.cm-1).All polymers were characterized by IR and 1H NMR.更多还原