【作者】 张晓青；

【导师】 朱瑞良；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 植物学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 戴云山自然保护区位于福建省中部,地处北纬25°38’07"-25°43’40"和东经118°05’22"-118°20’15"之间,是我国东南沿海典型的山地森林生态系统和古老的孑遗植物避难所之一,具有丰富的生物多样性。苔藓植物是植物生物多样性的重要组成部分,但目前为止,尚未有人对该地区苔藓植物区系进行过系统的调查研究。为填补戴云山地区苔藓植物研究的空白,并为更好地了解福建省苔藓植物多样性概况,笔者于2009年和2010年先后4次赴戴云山自然保护区进行野外考察,共采集标本2294份。通过对标本的分类鉴定,发现戴云山自然保护区共有苔类植物33科62属215种(不包括种以下分类单位),角苔类植物1科4属6种。其中包括中国新记录1种(Drepanolejeunea teysmannii Gottsche ex Steph.)和福建新记录1属57种。为了解戴云山自然保护区苔类和角苔类植物的区系特点,本研究从物种丰富度、属种相似性以及区系地理成分等几个角度将其与邻近的6个地区(福建武夷山、浙江凤阳山、广东南岭、广西猫儿山、云南大围山、海南霸王岭)进行了对比,得出如下结论：1.戴云山自然保护区苔类和角苔类植物物种多样性在所比较7个地区中最为丰富。种数大于等于8种的优势科共有9个科,包含34属171种,分别占总属数的51.52%和总种数的77.37%。其中细鳞苔科最为丰富(71种),其次为耳叶苔科(25种)和羽苔科(16种)。种数大于等于7种的优势属共有9个属,包含120种,占总种数的54.30%,其中耳叶苔属植物最为丰富,共有25种,占总种数的11.31%。少种属(种数少于5种)和单种属在戴云山苔类和角苔类植物区系的构成中占有很高的比例,占总属数的83.33%,其中单种属多达23个,这充分体现出戴云山苔类和角苔类植物区系的复杂性和古老性。2.该区系地理成分复杂多样,可分为13种类型,其中热带性成分最为丰富,占总种数的39.15%,其次为东亚成分和温带性成分,分别占总种数的37.73%和17.93%。中国特有成分也十分丰富,仅次于大围山和猫儿山,占总种数的5.19%。该区系总体表现出典型的热带起源和浓厚的东亚色彩。3.通过对戴云山自然保护区内不同林型植被和不同生境条件下苔类和角苔类植物的分析发现,阔叶林区的苔类和角苔类植物最为丰富,物种的垂直分布差异并不明显。保护区内苔类和角苔类植物的生境类型十分多样,可分为6种类型,主要以树附生类群占优势,也包含较多的石生、倒/腐木生和土生类型,叶附生及水生种类较少。4.与邻近6个地区进行属种相似性比较发现,与戴云山苔类和角苔类植物区系相似性最高的为猫儿山和武夷山,属于近亲植物区系,其次为凤阳山和南岭,与霸王岭和大围山的关系较远。相似性及区系谱研究也表明,戴云山处于喜马拉雅南翼地区至我国东部地区苔藓植物分布路线的重要位置,即在喜马拉雅地区—广西北部—福建武夷山脉(包括龙栖山)—台湾的分布路线上,戴云山脉是武夷山脉—台湾段之间的一个重要节点。本文还对福建苔类和角苔类植物区系进行了研究,根据前人记载和本次调查的结果,发现福建现有苔类植物41科79属367种(不包括种以下分类单位),角苔类植物1科4属6种。其中,细鳞苔科为最大的科,包括16属96种,占总种数的25.74%。其区系地理成分可分为13种类型,其中热带性成分(35.75%)最为丰富,其次为东亚成分(33.24%)和温带性成分(25.42%)。与邻近的广西、海南、台湾以及日本区系的相似性比较发现,福建苔类和角苔类植物区系与台湾关系最为密切,其次为广西和日本,与海南的亲缘关系最远。结合最新的研究结果和相关资料,本文提供了戴云山自然保护区和福建省的苔类和角苔类植物最新名录。所有标本均存放于华东师范大学标本馆。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daiyunshan Nature Reserve is situated between 25°38’07"-25°43’40" N and 118°05’22"-118°20’15" E in the central part of Fujian. It is a typical mountain forest ecosystem in southeastern China, as well as a refuge of relic species, with rich biodiversity. As an important element of plant biodiversity, the bryophyte diversity of this area has never been extensively investigated before.In order to make up for the deficiency of the bryological studies of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve, and also for the better understanding of the bryophyte diversity of Fujian, four field collections have been carried out in Daiyunshan Nature Reserve during 2009-2010. The result shows that, based on the identifications of all the specimens collected in this area, the liverwort and hornwort flora of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve consists of 215 species of liverworts belonging to 52 genera in 34 families, and six species of hornworts belonging to four genera in one family. Drepanolejeunea teysmannii Gottsche ex Steph. is a new record to China and one genus and 55 species are new to Fujian.Comparision between Daiyunshan and its adjacent six areas (Wuyishan, Fengyangshan, Nanling, Maoershan, Daweishan, Bawangling) on species richness, similarity and areal-types have been done in order to clarify the characteristic of the liverwort and hornwort flora of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve. The conclusions can be drawn as follows:1. The species diversity of liverworts and hornworts of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve is the richest among these seven areas. Families with eight species or more are considered as dominant families. There are nine dominant families including 34 genera and 175 species which account for 51.52% of the total genera and 77.37% of the total species. Lejeuneaceae with 71 species is topping the nine dominant families which is followed by Frullaniaceae with 25 species and Plagiochilaceae with 16. Nine dominant genera that consist of seven or more species make up 54.30% of the total species, with Frullania ahead of all the others with 25 species accounting for 11.31%. Meanwhile, the genera containing few species (fewer than five species) or only one species constitute a huge part of the entire flora, which account for 83.33% of the total genera. Twenty-three genera have only one speices which indicate the complexity and specificity of genera composing of this flora.2. The phyto geographical distribution patterns of liverworts and hornworts of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve can be classified into 13 areal-types. The tropical areal-type accounts for 39.15% of the entire flora is the most dominant type followed by the East Asian areal-type (37.73% ) and the temperate areal-type (17.93% ). Ten species, accounting for 5.19% of the total species, are endemic to China, which is only inferior to Daweishan and Maoershan. The result shows that the hepatic flora of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve is derived typically from tropics and with distinct East Asiatic characteristic.3. The diversity of liverworts and hornworts in evergreen broad-leaf forest is the richest among different vegetations in Daiyunshan Nature Reserve. Vertical variation of liverworts and hornworts in this area is not distinct. The habitat types of liverworts and hornworts in this area are various and can be divided into six types. Among these types, the epiphytic type are most dominant, which is followed by petrophytic, saprophytic and geophytic types. The epiphyllous and hydrophilous types are fewer in this area.4. In comparision with its adjacent six areas on the similarity, Wuyishan and Maoershan possess the closest floristic affinities with Daiyunshan, which are followed by Fengyangshan and Nanling. Bawangling and Daweishan possess the farthest affinity. The result also shows that Daiyunshan is an important node of Himalaya-Taiwan bryophyte immigration route.Based on the published records and the present study, a total of 367 species of liverworts belonging to 79 genera in 41 families and six species of hornworts belonging to four genera in one family are recorded in Fujian. Lejeuneaceae is the largest family which contains 16 genera and 96 species, accounting for 25.74% of the total species. The phytogeographical distribution patterns of liverworts and hornworts of Fujian can also be classified into 13 areal-types. The tropical areal-type accounting for 35.75% of the entire flora is the most dominant type followed by the East Asian areal-type (33.24%) and the temperate areal-type (25.42%). When compared with Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Japan, the affinity of the liverwort and hornwort flora between Fujian and Taiwan is the closest, followed by Guangxi and Japan, and with Hainan possessing the farthest affinity.According to the latest results as well as available information, updated checklists of liverworts and hornworts of Daiyunshan Nature Reserve and Fujian, respectively, are provided. All voucher specimens are deposited in HSNU (the herbarium of the East China Normal University).更多还原