【作者】 张亚萍；

【导师】 徐力；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术、社会经济以及信息化、全球化的迅猛发展,政府决策活动所涉及的范围、规模及复杂性均达到了前所未有的程度,同时决策失败所带来损失的影响也较之前更为广泛和深远。在这一背景下,寻求决策的科学性、有效性成为各国政府的重要目标。专家凭借其专业优势,可以有效的弥补政府信息不足的缺陷,其在政府决策咨询中的地位逐渐被认可,许多国家已经形成规范化的政府决策专家咨询制度。在我国,政府决策引入专家咨询有着悠久的历史,但是作为一项规范化的政治制度,其发展壮大是在改革开放以后。近年来,从中央机关到地方各级政府在实践中不断探索政府决策引入专家咨询的新思路,并取得了一些不错的成绩,但是总体来说我国的政府决策专家咨询制度还处于起步阶段,尚有许多亟待解决的问题,比如：专家参与的制度不完善、专家自身的局限性、专家和大众之间的矛盾以及专家角色被边缘化等。这些问题的解决有赖于决策者树立科学执政与重视专家决策咨询的理念,同时还需要完备的制度建设以及其他相关的支持。值得我们注意的是,决策过程中引入专家咨询虽然可以促进决策的科学化,但专家并不是一般的民众,在某些方面专家也有可能排斥大众,因此决策过程引入专家参与的同时要确保民意的真实表达,实现政府、专家和大众之间的平等的对话交流才是科学决策体制的应有之义。针对以上问题,本文从树立政府重视专家参与决策咨询的理念、建立相关法律体系、构建完善的决策咨询系统以及建立专家作用有效发挥的制度和技术保障等角度来推动我国当前政府决策专家咨询制度的完善。文章的最后提出了重构公共决策体制结构的尝试,试图从协商民主的视角推动政府、专家和民众之间的良性互动,进而实现政府决策专家咨询制度的有效运行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of science and technology, social and economy, informationization and globalization, the complexity of government decision-making has increased, and more difficult. Meanwhile the risks because of the policy-making fault have further-reaching influence than before. In this background, Governments seek to utilize resources outside to enhance science and democracy to public decision.In recent years, from the central authority to local governments constantly exploring new ideas for the introduction of expert consulting system, and achieved some achievements, but overall our expert consulting system still in its infancy, there are many inadequateness need to improve, such as the imperfects of expert consulting system, the experts own limitations, the contradiction between the experts and the general public as well as experts have been marginalized and so on. Solving these problems not only depends on the decision-makers to establish a scientific decision making consulting concepts, but also need to establish complete system. Meanwhile, we must notice that experts are not the general public, sometimes they may exclude the public, so we not only to ensure the introduction of experts to participate in decision-making process, but also to ensure that the public opinion can be expressed fully, We need to improve the policy-making process by integrating public participation, expert evaluation and government decision-making to ensure that our policies are scientific and correct.更多还原