【作者】 张晓莹；

【导师】 祁国鹰；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 2008年青少年测试赛作为联赛的资格赛正式开始运行,作为核心内容的测试指标与评价体系在执行过程中存在的问题逐渐浮现。在我国竞技健美操事业的攀升时期,研究青少年测试赛测试指标与评价体系可以引导我国基层健美操训练,促使我国健美操项目和赛事向着持续、健康的方向发展。本文运用问卷调查法、专家访谈法、文献资料法、数理统计法等方法从我国竞技健美操青少年测试赛测试指标与评价体系的总体构成入手,分别对身体形态、专项体能、专项技能与成套评定四项指标的实施效果以及评分权重进行了统计对比,科学地论证了每一测试指标的内容与评定标准,并对如何完善青少年测试赛测试指标与评价体系展开了研究。：研究的结论如下：1)青少年测试赛测试指标包括身体形态、专项体能、专项技能、成套定评四个指标。总体测试与评价体系比较合理,通过率较高,但形态指标的“去、留”、一级指标的权重存在较大争议；总体指标评价的性别及组别差异、指标的百分位置等急需改善。2)2008年身体形态指标采用定量评价,相对客观,但缺少反映人体充实度的体重／身高指数；评价标准未区分性别及组别差异,百分设置过高,总体得分较低,使其合理性、必要性饱受争议。该指标重要且必要,精简体格指标增设机能指标、重置百分标准、长期跟踪调查建立大型数据库是完善现行指标的有力举措。3)两届测试赛专项体能指标与评价基本合理,但耐力、灵敏素质涉及相对较少,缺乏综合性评价指标,总体分数偏高；“10米折返跑”总平均分将近100,难度过低,梯度性较差,改善路线、提高满分设置标准,规范操作过程使其合理性不断提高。4)专项技能指标测试内容以及评定标准总体依据规则展开,合理性和满意度在四项指标中均居最。完善各年龄组规定难度考核方式、明晰评定结果换算过程可使技能指标更加完善。5)2009年成套评价指标设置取消A套动作,评价标准基本合理且满意度较高,指标权重、动作内容及完成评价指标变动较大,得分采用“动作分×难度分”的形式导致总体分数较低。修缮测试及评价指标,得分采用(动作分+完成分)/2的形式使其合理性提高。6)两届测试赛整体指标权重系数仅有一级指标权重指数且指数波动性大,数理依据不够充分。通过行家加权、专家讨论,对形态机能、专项素质、专项技能、成套内容四个指标按年龄组别分别加权,重置权重系数,增加了数理依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The youth sport aerobics test competition was officially operated as the qualification game of the league in 2008, and the problems of the core which is the test indicator and evaluation system, have gradually appeared in the execution process. In the time that the competition aerobics is rising in our country, researching the test indicator and evaluation system of the youth sport aerobics test competition will be able to guide the training of the basic level aerobics in our country, bringing the aerobics and its competitions in our country to develop in a continuous and healthy direction.With methods including surveys, expert interview, reference information, mathematical statistics, etc, starting from the overall structure of the test indicator and evaluation system of the youth sport aerobics test competition, statistical comparison is carried out on four indicators, body appearance, event specific fitness, event specific skills and overall evaluation respectively, as well as the implementation effect of the evaluation proportion. The contents and evaluation standard of every indicator is scientifically proven with the research on how to perfect the test indicator and evaluation system of the youth sport aerobics test competition.The conclusion of the research is listed below:1)The test indicators of the youth sport aerobics consist of four indicators which are body appearance, event specific fitness, event specific skills and overall evaluation. The overall evaluation and evaluation system are fairly reasonable with a high pass rate. Whether the body appearance indicator should be removed or stay and the proportion of each level one indicator are questioned.The sexual and group difference and the percentage position of the overall indicator evaluation require urgent improvements. 2)The body appearance indicator was quantitatively evaluated and relatively objective in 2008. There was a lack of indicators to show the weight and height of athletes. The evaluation standard did not differentiate the sexual and group difference. The percentage set was too high and the overall score was fairly low. The rationality and necessity of this indicator has been very controversial. However, the body appearance indicator is important and necessary. Simplifying the fitness indicator, adding functionality indicators, resetting the percentage of the standards and building large database with long term tracking and investigation, are strong measures to perfect the existing indicators.3)The event specific fitness indicator and evaluation of the two test competitions are basically reasonable. However, the factors of endurance and agility are less involved in comparison, lacking the overall evaluation indicator. The overall score is too high. The average score of the 10 meter shuttle run is almost 100 with the difficulty too low and poor gradient. Improving the route, raising the standard of the perfect score and regulating the execution process will increase the rationality continuously.4)The evaluation content and standard of the event specific skill indicator are developed based on the rule, with the highest rationality and satisfaction in all four standards. Improving the difficulty test method of each age group and clarifying the conversion process of the evaluation result will improve the event specific skill factor further.5) In 2009 overall movement evaluation standards, set A movement was cancelled. The evaluation standard was basically reasonable with high satisfaction. The proportion of the indicators, movement content and completing evaluation indicator had fairly large changes. The overall score was low because of using "movement score * difficulty score" as the score calculation method. To fix the test and evaluation standard, using "(movement score+difficulty score)/2" to calculate the score improves the rationality.6) The overall indicator weight coefficients of two test competitions only contains level one indicator index and the indicator has a large volatility and lack of mathematical basis. Through expert weighting and discussions, the four indicators of body appearance, event specific fitness, event specific skills and overall evaluation have been weighted respectively based on the age groups and the weight coefficients have been reset, adding mathematical basis.更多还原